European Imperialism

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European Imperialism

• In the Middle East and SE Asia

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The Ottoman Empire
Controlled lands along Eastern Coast of the
Mediterranean Sea as well as access to the Red
Sea and Persian Gulf Weakness was shown when
Greeks revolted and gained independence in
1830 Europeans wanted their land because of its
strategic importance (access to trade
routes) Main country wanting Ottoman land was
Russia because it was landlocked with no warm
water ports.
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Crimean War
Russia vs Ottoman Empire (with help from England
and France) Russia wanted access to the Black
Sea and the Mediterranean. Without it, Russia
had to pass through others land to get to seas
for tradenot good. Russia lost, but continued
to support other Slavic peoples against the
Muslims of the Ottoman Empire. Eventually
Romania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, and
Bulgaria would leave the Ottoman Empire with
Russian help
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Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was a female nurse for the
British during the Crimean War. Her work and the
work of other women she led changed the face of
warfare. From this point on, women were seen on
battlefields around the world. In most cases
they have served as nurses, carrying no weapons,
but still very much in a dangerous situation as
they were in a war zone and could be killed by
enemy fire at any moment.
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Egypt
Egypt was also in a very strategic
locationcontrolled access to the Mediterranean
Sea and the Red Sea. Ottomans sent Muhammad Ali
to Egypt to take control as an Ottoman statehe
broke off and established control by
himself. Ali, changed the Egyptian economy by
creating cotton plantations along the Nile.
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Egypt
Ismail, (Alis grandson) begins work on the Suez
Canal, connecting the Mediterranean to the Red
Sea. This will be a huge money maker. Suez
Canal opened in 1869, but was in huge
debt. British took over the Canal and occupied
all of Egypt in 1882.
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Persia
Persia was located in modern day Iran and
Iraq. Large oil fields were discovered in Persia
and Europeans wanted access to the oil. By
1807 Russia and England had moved into Persia and
split it into spheres of influence A sphere of
influence was a region that wasnt a colony, but
was only allowed to trade with one particular
country.
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Southeast Asia
In the 1700s the Dutch, English, and Germans
(Prussians at that time) had established colonies
in the Pacific Islands. Wanted to get sugar
cane, coffee, rubber, cocoa, bananas, pineapples,
etc from the tropics.
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Southeast Asia
In the 1800s the British, Dutch, French,
Portuguese, and Spanish moved in and took over
most of Southeast Asia in order to get their
natural resources. Siam (modern day Thailand)
was able to remain independent. Siamese Kings
(much like Menelik II in Ethiopia) were able to
convince Europeans that they would help fight off
other Europeans if they were allowed to
independent.
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