World Geography Chapter 3 Population and Culture

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World GeographyChapter 3Population and Culture
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• Demography
• the study of populations- including such topics
  as birth, marriage, migration, and death

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• Culture
• The way of life of a group of people with common
  traditions, interests, and beliefs.
• A total way of life.

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• Birth Rate
• Number of births per year for every 1,000 people.
• Death Rate
• Number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people.

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• The difference between the birth and death rate
  is called Natural Birth Rate.
• Zero Population Growth
• Birth and Death Rates are the same.

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• Population Distribution
• Population Pattern- Show where the people are
  living.
• Very small percentage of the earth has people
  living on it.

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• Migration
• Movement of people and animals
• Immigration
• Moving into a country
• Emigration
• Moving out of a country

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• Population Density
• The average number of people in a square mile or
  square kilometer.

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• Urbanization
• The growth of cities
• Rural
• The country side- outside the urban and suburban
  areas

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• Industrial Revolution
• Started the urban movement
• People moved to cities to find work

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• Social Organization
• the family is the most important unit of social
  organization.
• Social Classes
• birth or wealth?

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• Language
• All cultures have language
• Same language Same culture

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• Religion
• helps people answer basic questions about the
  meaning and purpose of life

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• Diffusion
• the spread of cultural traits from one culture to
  another
• Acculturation
• the process of adapting traits from other cultures

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• Cultural Diffusion
• The spread of people, ideas, and goods from one
  culture to another
• Trade and travel encouraged
• WAR

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• Internet and Television

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• Cultural Hearths
• The places where civilizations began
• Egypt- Nile River Valley
• Iraq- Mesopotamia
• Pakistan- Indus River Valley
• China- Huang He River Valley

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• Mayan Civilization
• Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize
• Inca Civilization
• Peru, Colombia, Bolivia

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• Cultural Regions
• Areas of the earth where certain cultures
  dominate (this book is divided in 10)

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• Four specific characteristics that define a
  country
• 1. Clearly defined territory
• 2. Population
• 3. Sovereignty
• 4. Government

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• Territory
• Land and water within a countries boundaries and
  all of its natural resources

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• Population
• Citizens of a country are afforded protection by
  the government
• Citizens of a country must serve their government

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• Sovereignty
• a country that can rule itself by establishing
  its own policies and determining its own course
  of action

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• Government
• Political System
• the institution through which a society makes and
  enforces its public policies and provides for its
  common needs

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• Unitary
• One central government runs the nation
• Great Britain, Japan, and France ( Parliamentary
  government)

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• Federal System
• the power is shared between the national and
  state governments

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• Confederation
• smaller political units keep their sovereignty
  and give the central government only very limited
  powers.
• Commonwealth of Independent States

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• Authoritarian government
• the government is more important than individual
  freedom
• The leaders hold all, or nearly all, political
  power

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• Dictatorship
• government in which one leader has full power
  over a country

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• Totalitarianism
• the government tries to control every part of
  society
• Nazi Germany- Hitler
• Soviet Union- Stalin

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• Monarchy
• Kings, queens, pharaohs, shahs, sultans- inherit
  their positions by being born into the ruling
  family

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• Democracy
• a form of government in which the people of a
  country vote for their leaders
• the people have the power to set government policy

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• Free Enterprise
• private businesses operate with little
  interference from government
• Capitalism
• economic system based on free enterprise

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• Communism
• requires the state to make all the economic
  decisions
• the state owns and operates all the major farms,
  factories, utilities, and stores

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• Socialism
• the state should own and run basic industries
  such as transportation, communications, banking,
  coal mining, and the steel industry
• This is done for the good of the society as a
  whole.