Immigration

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Immigration Urbanization
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A. Immigration of the Gilded Age
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New Immigrants

• Immigrants coming from new countries
• Italy
• Russia
• Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Very different religions and cultural backgrounds
• Were seen as lower level races than Western
  European immigrants
• 1880s 19 of immigrants
• 1900 66 of immigrants

• 25 of the immigrants will return home

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Why were they coming?

• Population of the Old World growing rapidly
• American Food Exports
• Industrialization
• 60 million Europeans will be uprooted
• Half will come to the U.S. with
• America Fever
• Many came for the idea of the land of
  opportunity
• Some came to escape religious persecutions
• Jews

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Immigration on the West Coast

• Mainly Chinese immigrants
• Some Japanese
• 1870s on Chinese families now immigrating
• Faced horrible discrimination
• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) 1st time a race is
  barred from entering the U.S.

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Fighting Exclusion

• U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark(1898)
• Fought for 14th amendment rights
• Set an important legal precedent for citizenship
• If you were born here you were a CITIZEN
• But Exclusion still legal

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Ellis Island (1892)

• Main processing facility on the East Coast
• Processed 70 of all immigrants
• Had medical inspections
• Sent home any
• undesirables
• (2)

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Angel Island

• West Coast Ellis Island
• Would hold the Chinese appealing the Exclusion Act

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The Immigrant Lifestyle

• Ethnic Neighborhoods
• Tried to preserve traditional cultures
• Speaking native languages
• Established their own schools
• Had businesses that catered to just them
• Low Wages, Unskilled Labor source
• Used as Scabs

Mulberry Street Bend 1900 Little Italy

• Children will lose the traditional culture and
  become more mainstreamed

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The Nativist Reaction?

• Anglo-Saxon Americans feared being outbred and
  outvoted
• Saw New Immigrants as scum
• 1882 law began restricting immigration
• American Protective Association (1887)
• In 1886 the Statue of Liberty given to the U.S
• Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled
  masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched
  refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the
  homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp
  beside the golden door!

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Immigrant Advocates

• Tammany Hall and other Political Machines
• Helped immigrants find jobs and become citizens
• Settlement Houses
• Helped immigrants adjust to life in the United
  States
• Ex Jane Addams Hull House

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B. Urbanization of the Gilded Age
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Urban Growth 1870-1900
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Characteristics

• Megapolis
• - Sprawling Urban Area
• - Grew both up and out
• - 1st Skyscraper built in Chicago in 1885

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• Mass Transit
• - Sprawling suburbs needed to connect to city
  centers
• - Electric Trolley
• - Bridges

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• 3. Economic and Social Opportunities
• - Jobs attracted people to the cities
• - Urban lifestyle was very attractive
• - Electricity, Indoor Plumbing,
• Telephones
• - Department stores
• (Macys)

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• Pronounced Class Distinctions
• - Wealthy had their own distinct neighborhoods
• - Poor lived in the Slums in buildings called
  tenements

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Immigrant Family Lodgings
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• - Most tenements were overcrowded, had poor
  ventilation and were dangerous
• - 1879, NYC passed the Dumbbell Tenement Plan to
  try to improve conditions

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• Squalid Living Conditions
• - No waste in the countryside
• - LOTS of waste in the cities
• - Impure water, uncollected garbage, unwashed
  bodies, and animal droppings littered the cities
• - Led to the spread of diseases like cholera and
  tuberculosis

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• - Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives tried to
  expose the squalid living conditions

Five Cent Lodgings
Bandits Roost
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1. New Opportunities for Women
2. Political Machines
3. Ethnic Neighborhoods

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Amusement in the Cities

• More Americans have more leisure time
• Want to find amusement
• Vaudeville
• Circus
• Professional Sports
• Baseball
• Games
• Croquet
• Bicycles