India In the Midst of Change

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IndiaIn the Midst of Change
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The English East India Company was founded in
1600 and soon established trading posts on
Indias southern and eastern coasts. By the early
1800s, the Company controlled most of India,
which had been left void of a central power after
the decline of the Mughal Empire.
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A Changing Society The Caste System

• Traditional Hindu society divides its followers
  into 4 castes.
• The castes put people in order from the bottom of
  society to the top.
• BELOW the lowest caste are the Untouchables, a
  casteless or outcast Hindu group.

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A Changing Society The Caste System

• Over thousands of years, the caste system grew
  complex. The main castes divided into hundreds
  of groups, or subcastes.
• The people in each subcaste had the same job.
• The caste system gave Hindus a sense of order.

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Mohandas Gandhi

• Used passive resistance - non-violent strategies
  to demand Indian self-rule.
• Boycotting British cotton
• Making their own salt rather then paying the
  British salt tax
• Strikes like the day of prayer
• Nationalism

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Gandhis non-violent speech
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The British monopoly on the salt trade in India
dictated that the sale or production of salt by
anyone but the British government was a criminal
offense punishable by law. Salt was readily
accessible to labourers in the coastal area, but
they were instead forced to pay money for a
mineral which they could easily collect
themselves for free. The British ended up
imprisioning over 60,000 people, including
Gandhi, for this illegal activity.
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Gandhi Movie Salt Works
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Independence At Last!

• British colonial rule in India ended in 1947.
• But a newly independent India encountered
  problems.

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Partition of India 1947
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Gandhi is assassinated
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