Introduction to Atoms

1
Introduction to Atoms Bonding
2
Atoms

• The smallest particle unique to given element it
  has one or more subatomic particles
• Subatomic Particles
• Charge Mass Location
• Protons Positive 1 nucleus
• Neutrons neutral 1 nucleus
• Electrons negative 0 orbiting

3
Subatomic Particles

• Protons
• the Atomic Number
• Neutrons
• the Atomic Mass (rounded) minus the Atomic
  Number
• Electrons
• the same as the number of Protons (unless
  otherwise told)

4
Bohr Diagrams

• Represent the Nucleus
• Write the number of protons and neutrons
• Represent the Electron Orbits
• First Orbit holds up to 2 electrons
• Second Orbit holds up to 8 electrons
• Third Orbit holds up to 8 electrons
• Fourth Orbit at least 8 electrons

5
Lewis Dot Diagrams

• Write the Atomic Symbol
• Represent only the Outer Electrons with Dots
  around the Atomic Symbol

6
Bonding

• Atoms bond in order to become stable
• 1) Electrically
• equal number of protons and electrons
• 2) Structurally
• full outer orbit of electrons

7
Ionic Bonding

• Type of chemical bond in which atoms transfer
  electrons (one gains and one loses). During the
  transfer each atom become an ion (a charged atom).

8
Covalent Bonding

• Type of chemical bond in which atoms share
  electrons.