The Conquest of New France

1
The Conquest of New France

• Causes of the Conquest

2
The Rivals Britain and France

• In the 1700s, Britain and France were the major
  powers in Europe
• The French (Fre) wanted control over Europe
• The English (Eng) wanted a world empire
• They both wanted power, so there was conflict!

3
First Intercolonial War 1689-97

• French raided villages in Thirteen Colonies
  (1690)
• English forts were captured in Acadia and
  Newfoundland (Nfld.) 1694-97
• Treaty of Rijswijk no territorial change and
  the French gave back the forts to the English

4
Second Intercolonial War 1702-13

• French raided the Thirteen Colonies, captured
  forts in Nfld. and Hudson Bay
• English captured Port-Royal (Nova Scotia)
• Treaty of Utrecht the Fre. ceded Acadia, Nfld.,
  and Hudson Bay
• Both sides constructed forts
• France Louisbourg (to protect St.Lawrence)
• England Fort William Henry

5
The French fort at Louisbourg
6
Third Intercolonial War 1744-48

• Colonists from the Thirteen Colonies captured
  Fort Louisbourg (1745)
• Treaty of Aie-la-Chapelle Louisbourg returned
  to the French
• Renewed conflict (1748-55)
• British deport 6, 000 Acadiens

7
Seven Years War 1756-63

• French victorious at first
• British regained Fort Duquesne, victory at
  Oswego, Frontenac, Louisbourg (1758)
• Seige of Quebec in 1759
• Wolfe (English) vs. Montcalm (French) at the
  Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

8
James Wolfe Marquis de Montcalm
9
Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759)

• Wolfe wanted to draw Montcalm into a fight before
  winter he decided to attack at Quebec City
• Wolfe led elite troops up the cliffs outside
  Quebec to the Plains of Abraham
• Instead of waiting inside the fort for Wolfe,
  Montcalm led his men out on the plains to meet
  Wolfe
• Montcalms men were tired, the Fre. were
  defeated, they lost Quebec
• Wolfe died during the battle, and Montcalm died
  from a wound the next day

10
Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759)
11
(No Transcript)
12
The End of New France

• Montcalm and the French defeated at Quebec (1759)
• Montreal surrenders and succumbs to British rule
  (1760)
• War is over in N.A.
• Treaty of Paris (1763) France gives up all
  territory in N.A except St. Pierre and Miquelon.
  Britain controlled all territory east of the
  Mississippi River

13
The Differences Between France and the Thirteen
Colonies

• The population of New France grew slowly there
  were 70,000 people in 1760
• The population was much higher in the Thirteen
  Colonies, the population was 1, 500, 000.
• The economy of New France was based on the fur
  trade dependent on France
• The economy of the Thirteen Colonies was more
  diverse independent and prosperous

14
Differences continued . . .

• New France had a Royal Government power was
  centralized in France
• In the Thirteen Colonies, there was a different
  administration for each colony (this made it
  difficult to make unanimous decisions
• However, people had a say in the government of
  the Thirteen Colonies

15
The Conquest in New France

• Fighting in North America

16
The Introduction

• British settlers wanted the Ohio Valley to
  themselves
• The Fre. wanted to keep it because it was a good
  area for furs
• The two sides wanted the same thing, so a
  conflict was inevitable
• For a while, the Fre. and their Native allies had
  kept the settlers out
• War broke out in July 1754 The Seven Years War

17
The Rising Action

• The two empires, France and Britain were at war
  in Europe
• When they were at war, most of the colonies were
  at war
• In Europe, Britain made an alliance with Prussia
  this helped them in Europe, so they could
  concentrate on fighting in the colonies
• The British Prime Minister wanted New France
  because he thought it could give Britain
  commercial supremacy

18
British Prime Minister on the leftFrench King
(Louis XV) on the right
19
Rising Action--continued

• The administration in the American colonies
  decided to unite against the Fre. in North
  America
• The British lost some battles at the beginning of
  the war
• The Fre. didnt have a good navy, they had fewer
  soldiers and the Fre. commanders (General
  Montcalm) defensive strategy was ineffective
• General Wolfe (British commander), to get
  Montcalm to leave his defensive positions,
  adopted a scorched earth policy burn
  everything towns, villages, etc. the Fre.
  wouldnt leave

20
Montcalm Wolfe
21
The Falling Action

• In the spring of 1760, the Fre. Won a battle at
  Sainte-Foy, but it didnt have a huge impact
• The British fleet arrived in New France, the Fre.
  retreated to Mtl.
• The British (General Murray, Brigadier Haviland,
  General Amherst) surrounded Mtl.
• The French surrendered to avoid more bloodshed