World War II

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World War II

• Europe

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Allies Fight Back

• U.S. entrance into WWII
• Turned tide of war in Battle of Atlantic
• Delivery of supplies key!
• German U-Boats
• wolf pack dangerous subs countered by U.S.
  convoy system
• Enigma
• German code broken by Enigma machine in 1941
• Advanced knowledge of German movements

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Soviet Union

• Hitler invaded in 1941
• Soviets used winter to advantage
• Stalingrad (1942)
• Soviets refuse to fall gt counterattack
• Defeated Germans in 1943
• Marked beginning of German collapse in Soviet
  Union
• Germans lost 2 million vs. Soviets 12 million

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North Africa

• Prime oil territory gt conflict between Britain
  Italy
• Britain defeats Italy gains access to Suez
  Canal
• General Erwin Rommel
• Desert Fox brilliant German general
• Lost Battle of El Alamein to Britain

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Operation Torch

• Operation Torch
• U.S. efforts in Africa
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Led U.S. attack
• U.S. gained valuable combat experience
• Helped in German defeat

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Axis Powers Collapse

• 1943 U.S. invades Italy
• FDR Churchill
• die for Mussolini Hitler or live for Italy
• Tuskegee Airmen
• Aid in U.S. victory
• Approximately 300,000 killed or wounded

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D-Day

• June 6, 1944
• Operation Overlord
• Allied invasion of France (5 beaches)
• U.S., British Canadian troops attack from sea,
  air land
• German response slow
• High casualty rates but Allied victory
• General Eisenhower became Supreme Allied
  Commander after victory

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Battle of the Bulge

• Battle of the Bulge (Dec. 16, 1944)
• Last major German offensive
• Gen. George Patton provided relief for American
  forces
• Allied victory

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The Holocaust

• Kristallnacht
• Night of Broken Glass
• 1st open attack on Jews
• 3 stages
• Jews cannot live as Germans
• Jews cannot live with Germans
• Jews cannot live

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U.S. Response to the Holocaust

• Limited immigration of Jews by U.S. other
  Western countries
• War Refugee Board 1944
• Too little too late?
• Lacked money authority
• Nuremberg Trials
• 22 Nazis tried for war crimes

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Yalta Conference

• Yalta Conference (Jan. 1945)
• Big 3 meet (Stalin, Churchill Roosevelt)
• agree to occupy Germany once war ends by
  dividing the country into 4 sectors
• Also agree to elections in Eastern European
  countries
• Stalin agrees to help in war on Japan 3 months
  after Germany defeated
• Why is this an issue?

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Victory in Europe (V-E Day)

• V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
• Hitler finally recognized the end committed
  suicide April 1945
• News of Hitlers death spread fighting slowly
  stopped
• surrender of Germany took effect on May 8, 1945
• Proclaimed V-E (Victory in Europe) Day