The Great Depression

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The Great Depression
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U.S. Stock Speculation

• Speculators inflate stock value.
• The result was unrealistic price levels which
  would cause the stock market to crash and begin
  the Great Depression

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Global Economic Depression

• stock market crash led to.TariffsTrade dropped
  65.....Every country suffered some more than
  others

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The Great Depression- Global Depression
(World-wide)

• High unemployment
• High inflation (overprinting of marks)
• Deficit Spending (Governments borrowing money)
• Germany ends up with dictatorship
• US-Democracy
• Most of the democracies that were formed after
  WWI did NOT meet the needs of their citizens

Soup line in Chicago
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FDRs New Deal

• FDR elected in 1932 enacted the New Deal to
  try and help the U.S. out of the Great
  Depression.
• Large public works projects created new jobs
• Government gave financial aid to businesses and
  farms
• Lg. amounts of public money was spent on welfare
  and relief programs.
• Regulations imposed on the stock market and
  banking systems

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Impact of the New Deal

• More gov't involvement but w/in the context of
  traditional U.S. democracy (not socialist)
• New Deal helped in stimulating the U.S. economy,
  but only WWII would truly end the Great
  Depression ? unemployed found jobs in munitions
  factories and the military

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The Great Depression- Global Depression
(World-wide)

• Economies fail
• Young Democracies do not meet the needs of the
  people
• Many people turn to totalitarian dictators to
  rule, but not America

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Who would you Vote For???
Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Candidate 3
Education Some Secondary Schooling, through 9th grade. Religion Love of his country, Christian. Career Veteran of a World War, decorated twice for courage in battle, public speaker and leader of a large political party, wrote a best-selling book. Personal habits Non smoker, vegetarian Negatives Did some jail time as well. Single, no children Age - 44 Education Harrow School, and College Graduate of Royal Military School. Religion Christian Experience 2nd Lt. In an army regiment, experienced war veteran, Head of the nations Naval War Staff, Nations Minister of Finance, leader in the House of Commons for 40 years, Nobel prize winner in literature. Married 57 years, with 5 children Negatives Drinks whiskey and smokes cigars. Known for his liberal politics. Age - 66 Education History degree from Harvard University, Graduate of Columbia Law School. Religion Christian Career NY Senator, Asst. Sec. Of the Navy, Governor of New York. Married 40 years with 5 children Negatives Paralyzed from the waist down, marital infidelity, drinks and smokes. Age - 50
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Who would you Vote For???
Adolf Hitler Winston Churchill Franklin Roosevelt
Education Some Secondary Schooling, through 9th grade. Religion Love of his country, Christian. Career Veteran of a World War, decorated twice for courage in battle, public speaker and leader of a large political party, wrote a best-selling book. Personal habits Non smoker, vegetarian Negatives Did some jail time as well. Single, no children Age - 44 Education Harrow School, and College Graduate of Royal Military School. Religion Christian Experience 2nd Lt. In an army regiment, experienced war veteran, Head of the nations Naval War Staff, Nations Minister of Finance, leader in the House of Commons for 40 years, Nobel prize winner in literature. Married 57 years, with 5 children Negatives Drinks whiskey and smokes cigars. Known for his liberal politics. Age - 66 Education History degree from Harvard University, Graduate of Columbia Law School. Religion Christian Career NY Senator, Asst. Sec. Of the Navy, Governor of New York. Married 40 years with 5 children Negatives Paralyzed from the waist down, marital infidelity, drinks and smokes. Age - 50
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Four Totalitarian Dictators
Tojo Military leader of Japan
Adolf Hitler Ruler of Germany Dur Furher
Mussolini Ruler of Italy El Duce-Newspaper man
Joseph Stalin Cruel ruler of Soviet Union Man of
Steele
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Features of Totalitarian States

• Single Party Dictatorship
• State control of the economy
• Secret Police and state terrorism
• Censorship/Govt control of media
• Use of schools/media to indocrinate citizens
• Unquestioning obedience to single ruler

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Joseph Stalin - Soviet Union

• Command economy govt makes all economic
  decisions
• Five-Year Plans to develop heavy industry/catch
  up with the industrialized nations

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Soviet Union

• Soviets less affected by the Great Depression
  because of the planned economy
• Limited consumer goods led to shortageshousing,
  food,clothing,etc.

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Mass Murder in theSoviet Union

• The Great Purge campaign of terror by Stalin to
  eliminating anyone who threatened his power.
• Stalin had political prisoners executed
• Orthodox leaders sent to labor camps often die
  as a result

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Setting the Stage in Germany

• After WWI Germany blamed for starting WWI in the
  treaty of Versailles
• The harsh conditions of this treaty will lead to
  the rise of Nazism in Germany

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Setting the Stage in Germany

• Weimar Republic a weak democracy in Germany
  after WWI
• The German government cannot solve Germanys
  economic problems

German Reichstag
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Adolf Hitler 1889-1945

• He blamed the democratic leaders for surrendering
  to the Allies in WWI
• To gain support Hitler promised the German
  people he would withdraw from the League of
  Nations

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Nazism

• National Socialist German Workers Party, called
  Nazi for short
• German form of Fascism supported by people in the
  middle and lower class

Adopted the swastika, or hooked cross as its
symbol
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Nazi Party

• By 1930s the Nazi party gained popularity
• 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of Germany

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Nazi Aggressions-

• 1936-Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland

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Nazi Aggressions

• 1938-Hitler annexed Austria
• 1938-He demanded the Sudetenland (part of Czech.)

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Munich Conference Appeasement - 1938

• Appeasement is giving in to a bully in hopes that
  he will no longer continue to threaten others
• France and Britain Gave Hitler the Rhineland,
  Sudetenland and Austria on the promise that he
  would not expand Germany any more.
• They thought if they appeased Hitler, he would
  stop

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Nazi Aggressions

• Six months later
• Hitler makes a treaty with the Soviet Union
  non-aggression pact
• he then took the rest of Czech.
• 1939- Appeasement fails Germany invaded
  Poland-WWII begins in Europe

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Fascism

• Political system that emphasized loyalty to its
  state and obedience to its leader.
• Extreme Nationalism glorified nation above
  individual
• State dictates economic activities of individuals
• Rule by one all-powerful dictator

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Mussolini Comes to Power in Italy

• Italians felt the democratic government they had
  was helpless to deal with their problems and were
  looking for a strong leader.
• A newspaper editor and politician named Benito
  Mussolini promised to rescue Italy by reviving
  its economy and rebuilding its armed forces.
• Italys king let Mussolini form a new government
  and so Mussolini became Il Duce, the leader
  came to power legally.
• The Fascist government was formed.

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Japanese Imperialism

• An important reason for Japanese attacks on
  Manchuria and China was that they wanted to
  obtain natural resources for their industry

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Going to War

• Japans invasion of China in 1937 and the attack
  on Poland by Germany in 1939 were catalysts
  leading up to WWII beginning in Asia and Europe.