Chapter%207:%20Interscholastic%20and%20Intercollegiate%20Sport

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Chapter 7 Interscholastic and Intercollegiate
Sport
C H A P T E R
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Interscholastic and Intercollegiate Sport
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Chapter Outline

• Interscholastic Sport
• Collegiate Sport
• Chapter Summary

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Trends in Interscholastic Sport

• U.S. participation at all-time high in 2008-2009,
  55.2 of students (Texas has most)
• Most popular sports (by participant numbers)
• Boys Football, track, basketball, baseball,
  soccer
• Girls Track, basketball, volleyball, softball,
  soccer
• Play for same reasons seen in youth sport (such
  as fun, skills, exercise)

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Discussion

• What are the three participant groups identified
  in interscholastic sport in the landmark survey
  on American Youth and Sports Participation (Ewing
  and Seefeldt 1990)?
• If you participated in high school sport, which
  of the three were you in? What about your
  classmates?

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Figure 7.1
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Interscholastic Sport and Community

• Community programs often feed high school teams.
• Most successful interscholastic programs have
  solid youth programs.
• More affluent areas have better facilities.
• High school teams become more selective due to
  the talent pool, increasing the competitive
  nature.

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Positive Effects of Participation in High School
Sport

• Better academic performance, attendance
• Development of moral, social, and long-term
  health
• Resistance to drug and alcohol abuse
• (continued)

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Positive Effects of Participation in High School
Sport (continued)

• Success in college
• Fewer behavioral problems
• Better self-image
• Development of leadership skills

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Negative Effects of Participation in High School
Sport

• Character development research is not clear.
• Statistics do not include students who cannot
  play due to low grades.
• Increases tendency to binge drink.
• Emphasis is on athletics rather than academics.
• Girls struggle with identity conflict between
  traditional values and new opportunities.

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Negative Socioeconomic Effects of Participation
in High School Sport

• Schools now implement fee system that reinforces
  elitism and decreases participation by 30
• Better facilities and resources in higher
  socioeconomic areas
• Athletes are generally from more privileged
  backgrounds, giving them a head start
• Tensions (athletes vs. nonathletes)

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Intercollegiate Sport Profile

• NCAA governs 1,288 schools
• NAIA governs 300 schools
• National Junior College Athletic Association
  (NJCAA) governs 550 two-year schools
• 418,000 NCAA athletes in 23 sports
• 1981-1982 Men 167,055, women 64,390
• 2007-2008 Men 240,261, women 178,084
• Basketball top sport for men and women

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NCAA Divisions

• Division I
• FBS 119 colleges
• FCS 119 colleges
• I non-football 93 college
• Division II 291 colleges
• Division III 429 colleges

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Discussion

• What is positive about intercollegiate sport?
• What is negative?

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Positives About Intercollegiate Sport

• School pride
• Distraction from hard work
• Fame
• Free publicity from media
• Helps with future employment
• Helps with discipline and time management

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Negatives About Intercollegiate Sport

• Athletic programs often lose money.
• Pressured to operate as big business.
• Athletes sometimes not academically ready.
• Lack of time affects athletes grades.
• Lack of time affects social life, circle of
  friends.
• (continued)

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Negatives About Intercollegiate Sport (continued)

• Programs sometimes engage in illegal recruiting.
• Athletes isolated on campus.
• Easy majors are encouraged.
• Sport events can be big parties for students.

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The Drake Group 7 Suggested Reforms for College
Sport

1. Athletes must maintain 2.0 GPA.
2. No freshman eligibility allowed.
3. Sport may not conflict with class schedule.
4. Reform one-year renewable scholarships.
5. Eliminate term student-athlete.
6. Remove special academic support.
7. Publicly disclose course information.

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Discussion

• How realistic are the Drake Groups suggestions?
• What other approaches are being tried?