Chapter 1

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Chapter 1Biology and You

• Section 1
• Themes of Biology

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I. What is Biology?

• Bio _______ - ology ________

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Freancesco redi
I. What is Biology?
Life

• Bio _______ - ology ________

Study of
Spontaneous Generation and the story of
Francesco Redi Life comes from Life
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Properties of Life

1. Cellular Organizition
2. Reproduction
3. Metabolism
4. Homeostasis
5. Heredity
6. Responsiveness
7. Growth and Development

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1. Cellular Organization

• All living things are made of cells (i.e. cell
  theory)
• Organisms can be
• Single-celled
• Multi-celled

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Biological Hierarchy

• Biological hierarchy (rank / order)
• Put in order from smallest to largest

Organ, Cell, Molecule, Tissue, Organism,
Atom, and Organelle
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Biological Hierarchy

• Atom
• Molecule
• Organelle
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organism

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2. Reproduction

• A All living things can reproduce either
• Sexually
• Asexually bility of organisms to make more of
  their own kind (offspring)

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3. Metabolism

• All the chemical reactions in an organism

• Breaking down molecules to release their energy
  or raw materials
• Getting Energy
• Getting rid of waste
• Building proteins and other organic molecules for
  use by the organism
• Inhaling Oxygen and exhaling CO2

Matching
a. Ingestion b. Digestion c. Respiration d.
Excretion e. Synthesis
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3. Metabolism

• All the chemical reactions in an organism

• Breaking down molecules to release their energy
  or raw materials
• Getting Energy
• Getting rid of waste
• Building proteins and other organic molecules for
  use by the organism
• Inhaling Oxygen and exhaling CO2

Matching
a. Ingestion b. Digestion c. Respiration d.
Excretion e. Synthesis
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Outhouse
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NOT AN EXCLUSIVE OR COMPLETE LIST!

• Plants obtaining energy from the sun
  (_______________)
• Animals obtaining energy from consuming plants
  and/or other animals (ingestion)

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Another Example

• Chemotrophs (The orange stuff0 Organisms that
  use chemical sources (rather than sunlight) to
  obtain energy. The ones in the photo live at
  50-60o C.

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4. Homeostasis
? Maintaining a stable internal environment ?
Respond to external environment and adjust

• Examples
• Body temperature
• Blood sugar

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5. Heredity

• Passing traits from parents to offspring
• Passed through genes
• Mutations are changes in a genes DNA

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Video Clip
Bird Brains - Clues to the origins of human
language are turning up in the brains of birds.
http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0304/01.
html
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6. Responsiveness

• a. Stimulus A change in the environment
• b. Response What an organism does to adjust and
  adapt to that change.

Fight or Flight Reflex
Pearls in Oysters
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7. Growth and Development

• Definite Size and Shape
• Definite Lifespan

Galapagos Land Tortoise Lifespan 193 years
The world's oldest known living tree - its root
system has been growing for 9,550 years. (Sweden)
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Cameleon - Mayfly - Ameoba
Labord's Chameleon (Madagascar) has a
post-hatching life span of 4 to 5 months.
One species of American Mayfly has an adult
lifespan less than five minutes
Ameoba
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One of these things is not like the other
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7 Themes of Biology

• Cellular Structure and Function
• Reproduction
• Metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Heredity
• Evolution
• Interdependence

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Evolution

• A change in inherited traits over time
• Mechanisms (how it works)
• Mutations are original source of new traits
  (genes)
• Organisms with beneficial genes are more likely
  to survive and reproduce (Natural Selection)

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Interdependence

• How organisms interact and depend upon one
  another in a community

• Ecology studies interdependence of organisms and
  their interactions with their non-living
  environment

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• Ecology studies life beyond the organism
• populations many individuals of one species
• communities all organisms in an area
• ecosystems all organisms in an area and their
  environment