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6 S s or Causes of the Civil War SLAVERY The practice of enslaving human beings 4 million slaves in US in 1860. Over 400,000 in GA alone out of over 900,000 before ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 6 S


1
6 Ss or Causes of the Civil War
  • SLAVERY
  • The practice of enslaving human beings
  • 4 million slaves in US in 1860. Over 400,000 in
    GA alone out of over 900,000 before the war.

http//www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interac
tives/sectionalism/lesson1 CLICK ON SLAVERY TAB
2
SLAVERY
  • S
  • The Souths economy was based on agricultural
    therefore, there was a high demand/need for
    slaves.
  • N
  • The North was highly industrial and had an
    enormous immigrant population to work in its
    factories.

http//www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interac
tives/sectionalism/lesson1 CLICK ON INDUSTRY,
AGRICULTURE, COTTON, AND IMMIGRATION TABS
3
SLAVERY
  • S
  • The South was TERRIFIED that government leaders
    in the North would try to abolish slavery and
    therefore change their very way of life.
  • N
  • However, Northern government officials at the
    time were not interested in ending slavery in the
    slave states, but instead in keeping newly
    admitted states from becoming slave states.

4
1830
5
1845
6
1850
7
http//www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interac
tives/sectionalism/lesson3/
1860
8
(No Transcript)
9
Warm-up for 01.04.11
  • DO NOT COPY QUOTE! READ AND RECORD / RESPOND TO
    QUESTION BELOW.
  • "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I
    believe this government cannot endure,
    permanently, half slave and half free. I do not
    expect the Union to be dissolved I do not
    expect the house to fall but I do expect it
    will cease to be divided. It will become all one
    thing or all the other. Either the opponents of
    slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and
    place it where the public mind shall rest in the
    belief that it is in the course of ultimate
    extinction or its advocates will push it
    forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all
    the States, old as well as new North as well as
    South.

    A House Divided Speech, 1858. Written
    by
  • What did the quote above predict regarding
    slavery?
    If you had lived before the Civil War, would
    you have agreed
    with this idea, and why/why not?

10
SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
  • TURN TO PG. 222 in your
  • textbook .
  • - We will be reading about an event in US
    History known as The Missouri Compromise

11
Name_____________________ Date___________
Per_____ KEY COMPROMISES OVER THE SPREAD OF
SLAVERY
Missouri Compromise of 1820 Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act

12
SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
  • The first official disagreement over new
    territories being free or slave came in 1820.
  • By the end of 1819, there were 11 free states and
    11 slave states.
  • In 1820, two new states, Maine and Missouri,
    wanted to enter the Union.

13
SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
  • Congress had to decide whether to admit them in
    as free states or slave states.
  • An amendment was introduced in the House by James
    Tallmadge, a New York Representative, to ban
    slavery in Missouri.
  • At the time, Missouri had about 2,000 slaves.

14
SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
  • When the amendment was voted on, it passed in the
    House.
  • In the Senate, where the amount of slave state
    representatives was equal to the amount of free
    states representatives, there was a tie.
  • A heated battle started between the
    representatives from the Northern and Southern
    states.

15
SLAVERY THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
CLICK LINK ABOVE FOR INTERACTIVE FLASH MAP
  • A compromise was reached
  • Missouri Compromise
  • Maine would enter the Union as a free state and
    Missouri would enter as a slave state.
  • It stated that there would be no slavery north of
    the 3630 degree latitude line. This included
    any lands west of the southern boundary of
    Missouri.
  • COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

16
YAY for lasting Compromise!!!!!Our problems are
solved!!!!!Well..Not exactly.
17
Warm-up for 01.05.11
  • Please start reading on pg. 242 in your textbook
  • beginning with the green, bolded section
    entitled,
  • Georgia Politics. Stop reading at the end of
    the 1st
  • par. on pg. 244 (before Not long after).
    Then,
  • answer the following questions
  • COPY QUESTIONS ONLY!
  • Did most Georgians like the Compromise of 1850?
  • Why were they persuaded to accept it?
  • What was the Georgia Platform?

18
SLAVERY THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
  • In 1850, the issue of slavery came up again.
  • There were 15 slave states and 15 free states.
  • California had been settled heavily from the Gold
    Rush and wanted to be admitted to the Union as a
    free state.
  • This would throw off the balance between slave
    and free states.
  • This debate became known as The Great Debate,
    and Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky proposed a
    compromise.

19
SLAVERY THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
CLICK LINK ABOVE FOR INTERACTIVE FLASH MAP
  • The Compromise of 1850
  • 1.) California would enter as a free state
  • 2.) Slave trading was ended in Washington, D.C.
  • 3.) Organized the Utah and New Mexico territories
    and would allow them to determine whether or not
    to become slave or free states
  • 4.) Strengthened the 1793 Fugitive Slave Act
    (e.g., alleged fugitive slaves were not permitted
    to testify in their own defense and the trial
    commissioner was paid 10 for a conviction, only
    5 for an acquittal).
  • COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

20
YAY for lasting Compromise!!!!!Our problems are
solved!!!!!Well..Not exactly.
21
SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
  • The issue of slavery came up again in 1854.
  • More lands were being settled west of Missouri
    and those areas wanted to be admitted to the
    Union.

22
SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
CLICK LINK TO THE LEFT FOR INTERACTIVE FLASH MAP
  • Stephen Douglas of Illinois brought about passage
    of the
  • Kansas-Nebraska Act -
  • Created territories of Nebraska and Kansas under
    clause of popular sovereignty
  • Pop. sov. any territory wanting admittance to
    the Union would be able to decide whether to
    enter as a free of slave state.
  • COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

23
YAY for lasting Compromise!!!!!Our problems are
solved!!!!!Well..Not exactly.
24
SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
  • This angered many northerners because this
    changed the decision of the Missouri Compromise.
  • The battle became very heated as abolitionist
    promised to send freesoilers, or people against
    slavery, into Kansas and Nebraska with guns to
    oppose slavery, while proslavery people promised
    to send men to fight for slavery.
  • This resulted in so much bloodshed in Kansas,
    that it became known as Bleeding Kansas

25
  • Years of attacks between freesoilers and
    proslavery advocates.
  • 55 dead in all
  • People were tarred and feathered, kidnapped,
    killed. Hotels, homes , stores, and printing
    presses were destroyed.
  • John Brown (4 sons) hacked up 5 proslavery
    advocates outside their home.
  • Minister Henry Ward Beecher sent northern
    settlers out with bibles and rifles.

26
SLAVERY THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
  • Congress rejected Kansass bid for admittance as
    a slave state.
  • This made the southern states realize that
    northern votes could keep slave states from
    entering the Union.

Oh, no you didnt!!!!
27
Missouri Compromise of 1820 Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act
Maine admitted as free state and Missouri admitted as a slave state The measure of prohibited slavery north or 3620 latitude Admitted California as a free state, Organized the Utah and New Mexico territories, 3. Abolished the slave trade, in Washington, D.C. 4. Strengthened the 1793 Fugitive Slave Act (e.g., alleged fugitive slaves were not permitted to testify in their own defense and the trial commissioner was paid 10 for a conviction, only 5 for an acquittal). Created territories of Nebraska and Missouri under clause of popular sovereignty Pop. sov. residents of U.S. territories should be able to decide by voting whether or not slavery would be allowed in the territory.
28
Dred Scott
29
SLAVERY DRED SCOTT
  • In 1834, Dred Scott was taken by his owner from a
    slave state of Missouri to a free state of
    Illinois, and later to Wisconsin, another free
    state.
  • When returning to Missouri, Scott filed a lawsuit
    claiming his freedom.

30
SLAVERY DRED SCOTT
  • He said that he should be free since he had lived
    in a free state.
  • Abolitionist raised enough money to take the case
    to the U.S. Supreme Court.
  • The court said that he could not sue because he
    was a slave (nothing more than personal property)
    and not a US citizen.
  • The court also stated that Congress had no right
    to stop slavery in western territories -- like
    they had done with Kansas.

31
SLAVERY JOHN BROWNS RAID
32
SLAVERY JOHN BROWNS RAID
  • John was an abolitionist that hated slavery.
  • He wanted to help the slaves to freedom, so he
    planned a raid.
  • He needed lots of guns and ammunition, so he and
    his followers raided a federal arsenal at Harpers
    Ferry in Virginia.

33
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34
SLAVERY JOHN BROWNS RAID
  • They killed the mayor and made prisoners of forty
    citizens in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. They then
    took over a building at a railroad station.
  • Within 24 hours, troops led by Colonel Robert E.
    Lee captured Brown.

35
SLAVERY JOHN BROWNS RAID
  • He was taken to court and charged with treason
    and was sentenced to be hanged.
  • He said that he was happy to die for Gods
    eternal truth.
  • Southerners saw him as a murderer and were afraid
    that others would follow his example.
  • Northerners didnt like the killings but thought
    he was a hero.

36
I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the
crimes of this guilty land will never be purged
away but with blood. I had, as I now think
vainly, flattered myself that, without very much
bloodshed, it might be done. - last words in a
letter to a jailor
37
2nd S of the Civil War SECTIONALISM
  • The belief that ones own section or regions
    interests or values are more important than
    another regions interests.

38
2nd S of the Civil War SECTIONALISM
  • The North believed that, in order for the US to
    work as ONE nation, the laws created by federal
    government should be followed by ALL states and
    that only the Supreme Court could overturn
    (change or do away with) federally-created laws.
  • This meant BIG national government, small
    states rights working for the common good
  • Ex. The US House passing higher tariffs on
    imported goods in order to protect their own
    factories from overseas competition. Drove price
    of goods up for Southerners ? South felt like it
    was being taken advantage of wanted to repeal
    the tariffs.

39
2nd S of the Civil War SECTIONALISM
  • The South believed in states rights. They
    believed that states had the right to govern
    themselves and to decide what would be best for
    their own needs and situation.
  • Ex. a politician from Maine or New York
    couldnt possibly understand the needs of a
    state like GA.
  • This meant BIG states rights, small national
    government meeting individual needs

40
2nd S of the Civil War SECTIONALISM
  • The South also believed in nullification. This
    means that if a state finds a federal law unfair
    or unconstitutional they can declare it invalid
    and not obey it.

Your thoughts - Good or bad? - Modern-day
examples?
41
The Election of 1860
And, in this corner
John C. Breckinridge
John Bell
Stephen Douglass
Abraham Lincoln
  • 4 different candidates Douglass (N. Dem),
    Lincoln (Rep), Breckinridge (S. Dem), and Bell
    (CUP)

42
The Election of 1860
  • With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won the
    election easily.
  • Southerners feared that a Republican victory
    would encourage radicals like John Brown to try
    and free slaves.
  • Even though Lincoln and the Republican party
    promised to leave slavery alone in the areas that
    it existed, southerners did not trust them.
  • The South cast only 16,000 votes for Lincoln.
    Won without 1 single electoral vote from a
    southern state. Not even one vote was cast for
    Lincoln in GA!

43
The Role of Alexander Stephens
  • Most Georgians supported S. Carolinas decision
    to secede except for Alexander Stephens
    (a GAn). He thought GA should stay with the
    Union.
  • On January 19, 1861, Georgia officially declared
    itself an independent republic.
  • Alexander Stephens goes on to be Vice President
    of the Confederate States of America.

44
3rd S of the Civil War STYLE
  • Style Short for lifestyle. The lifestyles
  • of the north was very different from the south.

45
3rd S of the Civil War STYLENHad several large
cities with museums, operas, lectures and
theater. People might spend afternoons at large
dinner parties or dances.SThere were few large
cities (Charleston, Richmond, Savannah, and
Augusta). People had little time for parties or
dances. Most free time was spent at religious
revivals, quilting bees, or hunting.
46
4th S of the Civil War STRUCTURE
Structure Short for class structure. The
position one group has in relation to others.
47
4th S of the Civil War STRUCTURE
  • S
  • Social structure was very important. It was
    based on land and slaves. It was almost
    impossible to move from one group to another.
  • A small group (5) of wealthy planters was at
    the top.
  • Next was the middle class of yeoman farmers
    (75)

48
4th S of the Civil War STRUCTURE
S
  • Next came the poor whites who either owned very
    small farms, worked at low paying jobs, or lived
    off of others as squatters.
  • poor white trash
  • Free blacks were on the bottom but seen as being
    above the slaves.
  • Last on the ladder were the slaves.

49
4th S of the Civil War STRUCTURE
N
  • In the north, social structure was tied to
    wealth. It was easier for people to move up on
    the ladder.
  • Many people worked in industry and had an
    opportunity to go to school, travel ,and take
    part in cultural activities.
  • The north did not agree with the souths social
    structure and considered it cruel, but the south
    was not ready to change.

50
5th S of the Civil War Solvency
  • The ability to pay debts
  • Has to do primarily with tariffs (taxes placed
    on imported goods)

51
5th S of the Civil War Solvency
  • N
  • Congress passed laws instituting tariffs on all
    imported goods from Great Britain.
  • This was done to force the south to buy from the
    northern factories.

52
5th S of the Civil War Solvency
  • S
  • The south bought many goods from Great Britain,
    so this hurt them by making them have to pay more
    for their goods.
  • In 1832, South Carolina threatened to
  • secede because the tariff was too high.
  • So, Congress created a compromise, written by
    Henry Clay, that reduced the tariff over a ten
    year period to help the south out.

53
5th S of the Civil War Solvency
  • N
  • In the Panic of 1857, (a depression), many
    northern factories went bankrupt. Most of these
    factories were built with borrowed money, so when
    they went bankrupt, they could not repay the
    debt.

54
5th S of the Civil War Solvency
  • N
  • Northern representatives asked Congress to raise
    the tariff on all imported goods.
  • The south refused to support the tariffs to help
    the northern factories.
  • This caused many debates and hurt feelings
    between the two sides.
  • See page 227 for more info.

55
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • The formal act of withdrawing from the Union.
  • By 1861, many southerners felt that the only
    option was to secede from the union.

56
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • Many new political parties were created or
    dismantled during this time.
  • Democrat were for states rights and took a
    strong stand on slavery.
  • Whigs mostly members of the upper class. They
    favored more help from the federal government,
    with some favoring slavery.
  • By 1854, a third party was created called the
    Know-Nothing Party. This party took the stand
    of opposing the new immigrants coming into the
    country.

57
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • Also, in 1854, the Republican Party was formed
    from anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats.
  • This party took the stand of opposing the spread
    of slavery.
  • The Whig party was dissolved with the creation
    of the Republican party.
  • The South quickly became seen as majority
    Democrat and the North being Republican.

58
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • In 1858, Democrat Stephen Douglas and newcomer
    Abraham Lincoln were both in the running for the
    Senate. Stephen Douglas was seen as a likely
    candidate for President in the 1860 election.
  • Douglas disliked slavery, but thought that the
    controversy interfered with the nation. He
    believed that popular sovereignty would solve the
    matter.

59
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60
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • Lincoln was a lawyer from Illinois that was
    unknown.
  • He saw slavery as morally wrong, but thought that
    ending it where it already existed was almost
    impossible. He did want to stop the spread of it
    to other areas.
  • Lincoln challenged Douglas to seven different
    debates where the main topic was slavery.

61
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • Lincoln warned the nation that the issue of
    slavery would inevitably bring the dissolution of
    the union.
  • Douglas accused Lincoln of contributing to the
    breakup of the union.

62
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • The election of 1860 became a very hot topic
    across the nation.
  • The Democrats met to choose the presidential
    candidate
  • Northern Democrats pick Stephen Douglas
  • Southern Democrats wanted someone to protect
    slavery in the territories, so they walked out on
    the convention.
  • Southern Democrats met in Richmond, VA and chose
    John Breckinridge, the current Vice President, as
    their choice. They took the position that no one
    could stop citizens from taking slaves into any
    western territory.

63
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • In the end, the Republican Party chose Abraham
    Lincoln as their candidate.
  • A fourth party was formed called the
    Constitutional Union Party. They nominated John
    Bell. They took no official position on slavery.

64
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • Southerners feared that a Republican victory
    would encourage radicals like John Brown to try
    and free slaves.
  • With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won the
    election easily.
  • Even though Lincoln and the Republican party
    promised to leave slavery alone in the areas that
    it existed, southerners did not trust them.

65
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • On Dec. 20, 1860, South Carolina held a special
    convention and voted to secede (or withdraw) from
    the union.
  • Leaders in Washington D.C. worked to try and
    create a compromise.
  • Senator John Crittenden proposed a series of
    amendments to the Constitution. The main point
    said that slavery would be protected below the 36
    degree lat. line.

66
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • Lincoln and Republicans would not accept this.
    They stated that they won the election based on
    the fact that no more territories would enter as
    slave states, so they would not give in now.
  • Southern leaders felt doomed and stated We split
    on every plan to compromise, No human power can
    save the Union.

67
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • Most Georgians supported S. Carolinas secession
    except for Alexander Stephens.
  • On January 16, 1861, GAs Governor requested a
    special meeting.
  • 208 of the 297 delegates voted to leave the
    Union.
  • On January 19, 1861, Georgia officially declared
    itself an independent republic.

68
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • By February 1861, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
    Louisiana, and Texas had voted to secede.
  • On February 4, 1861, delegates from each of these
    states met and formed a new nation called the
    Confederate States of America.
  • Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected
    President, and Robert Toombs of Ga. The secretary
    of State. Alexander Stephens of GA was named
    Vice President.

69
Alexander Stephens
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
Jefferson Davis
70
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • N
  • This region, with its large number of electoral
    votes, caused Abraham Lincoln to be elected
    president.
  • Lincoln stood for ideas that Northerners liked
    free land out west, higher tariffs to protect
    American jobs, no slavery in western territories,
    and an increase in industry and railroads
  • Saw secession of southern states as unnecessary
    and against the law.
  • Goal was to preserve the Union at whatever cost

71
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • S
  • Cast only 16,000 votes for Abe Lincoln. Won
    without 1 single electoral vote from a southern
    state. Not even one vote was cast for Lincoln in
    GA!
  • Lincoln stood for ideas that Southerners were
    afraid of, and they saw his election as a sign
    that their sections rights would be ignored.
  • Southerners, including GA, were mostly for the
    Union, but they were even more for states
    rights.

72
6th S of the Civil War SECESSION
  • S Continued
  • Southern states saw secession as their legal
    right. Wanted to quietly secede without conflict.
  • S.C. was first to secede. GA was torn over
    decision and Alexander Stephens warned against
    secession, but GA secedes in Nov. 1860
  • Stephens goes on to become the Confederacys vice
    president
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