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Title: Jiah-Shing%20Chen,%20Ph.%20D.

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Jiah-Shing Chen, Ph. D.
jschen_at_mgt.ncu.edu.tw
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??????(DSS)
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??????(EC)
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????(subject oriented)
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?????(time variant)

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DW?????????????
DSS
EIS
CRM
SCM

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DSS?EIS?CRM?SCM????????
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??????(DSS)?????????(EIS)

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????????????????(semi-structured)?????(unstructure
d)????,?????????????????????????,?????????????????
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DSS Characteristics

Supports individuals and teams
Used repeatedly and constantly
Two major components data and models
Web-based
Uses subjective, personal, and objective data
Has a simulation model
Used in public and private sectors
Has what-if capabilities
Uses quantitative and qualitative models

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DSS versus EDP
Dimension DSS EDP
Use Active Passive
User Line staff management Clerical
Goal Effectiveness Mechanical efficiency
Time horizon Present future Past
Objective Flexibility Consistency
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Working Definition of DSS

DSS
is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable CBIS,
specially developed for supporting the solution
of a unstructured management problem for improved
decision making
utilizes data, provides easy user interface, and
allows for the decision makers own insights
DSS
may utilize models
is built by an interactive process (frequently by
end-users)
supports all the phases of the decision making
may include a knowledge component
Central Issue in DSS
support and improvement of decision making

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Capabilities of DSS

Provide support in semi-structured and
unstructured situations, includes human judgment
and computerized information
Support for various managerial levels
Support to individuals and groups
Support to interdependent and/or sequential
decisions
Support all phases of the decision-making process
intelligence, design, choice ( implementation)
Support a variety of decision-making processes
and styles

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Capabilities of DSS

Are adaptive
Have user friendly interfaces
Goal
improve effectiveness of decision making
The decision maker controls the decision-making
process
End-users can build simple systems
Utilizes models for analysis
Provides access to a variety of data sources,
formats, and types

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Capabilities of DSS

Decision makers can make better, more consistent
decisions in a timely manner

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DSS Components

Data Management Subsystem
Model Management Subsystem
Knowledge-based (Management) Subsystem
User Interface Subsystem
The User

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DSS Classifications

Text-oriented DSS
Database-oriented DSS
Spreadsheet-oriented DSS
Solver-oriented DSS
Rule-oriented DSS
Compound DSS

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Evolution of EIS

DSS and ODSS
1980s
Executive Information Systems
1995s
Everybodys Information Systems
Enterprise Information Systems

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Executive Information System (EIS)

A computer-based system that serves the
information needs of top executives
Provides rapid access to timely information and
direct access to management reports
Very user-friendly, supported by graphics
Provides exceptions reporting and "drill-down"
capabilities
Easily connected to the Internet
Drill down

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Executives Role and Their Information Needs

Decisional Executive Role (2 Phases)
Identification of problems and/or opportunities
The decision of what to do about them
Flow chart and information flow
Use phases to determine executives information
needs

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Methods for Finding Information Needs

Wetherbe's Approach
Structured Interviews
IBM's Business System Planning (BSP)
Critical Success Factors (CSF)
Ends/Means (E/M) Analysis
Prototyping
Watson and Frolick's Approach
Asking (interview approach)
Deriving the needs from an existing information
system
Synthesis from characteristics of the systems
Discovering (Prototyping)
Ten methods
Other Methods

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Characteristics of EIS

Drill down
Critical success factors (CSF)
Status access
Analysis
Exception reporting
Colors and audio
Navigation of information
Communication

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Critical Success Factors (CSF)

Monitored by five types of information
Key problem narratives
Highlight charts
Top-level financials
Key performance indicators (KPI)
Detailed KPI responsibility reports

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Characteristics and Benefits of EIS

Quality of information
Flexible, correct, timely, relevant, complete,
validated
User interface
GUI, user-friendly, secure access, quick
response, mobile accessibility, reliable, easy
input, quick retrieval, tailored, self-help menu
Technical capability provided
Global information, email, external data, written
interpretations, hypertext hypermedia, ad hoc
analysis, multidimensional, hierarchical,
graphics text, management-by-exception reports,
trends deviations, historical current data,
critical success factors, forecasting, drill
down, tracking of critical data
Benefits
Attainment of organizational objectives,
productivity, quality of decision making,
competitive advantage, time saving, communication
capacity quality, better organization control,
anticipation of problems opportunities,
planning, search for cause of a problem, needs of
executives

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Comparison of EIS and DSS

Focus
EIS Status access, drill down
DSS Analysis, decision support
Typical users
EIS Senior executives
DSS Analysts, professionals, managers
Impetus
EIS Expediency
DSS Effectiveness
Application
EIS Environmental scanning, performance
evaluation, identification of problems and
opportunities
DSS Diversified areas where managerial decisions
are made

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Comparison of EIS and DSS

Decision support
EIS Indirect support, mainly high-level and
unstructured decisions and policies
DSS Supports semi-structured and unstructured
decision making, ad hoc decisions, and some
repetitive decisions
Type of information
EIS News items, external information on
customers, competitors, and the environment
scheduled and demand reports on internal
operations
DSS Information supporting specific situations
Principal use
EIS Tracking and control, opportunity
identification
DSS Planning, organizing, staffing, and
controlling

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Comparison of EIS and DSS

Adaptability to individual users
EIS Tailored to the decision-making style of
each individual executive, offers several options
of outputs
DSS Permits individual judgments, what-if
capabilities, some choice of dialog style
Graphics
EIS A must
DSS Important part of many DSS
User-friendliness
EIS A must
DSS A must if no intermediaries are used

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Comparison of EIS and DSS

Processing of information
EIS Filters and compresses information, tracks
critical data and information
DSS EIS triggers questions, answers are worked
out by DSS and fed back into EIS
Supporting detailed information
EIS Instant access to the supporting details of
any summary (drill down)
DSS Can be programmed into the DSS but usually
is not
Model base
EIS Limited built-in functions
DSS The core of the DSS

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Comparison of EIS and DSS

Construction
EIS By vendors or IS specialists
DSS By users, either alone or with specialists
from IS department
Hardware
EIS Mainframe, RISC workstations, LANs, or
distributed systems
DSS Mainframe, RISC workstations, PCs, or
distributed systems

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Comparison of EIS and DSS

Nature of software packages
EIS Interactive, easy access to multiple
databases, online access, sophisticated DBMS
capabilities, complex linkages
DSS Large computational capabilities, modeling
languages and simulation, application and DSS
generators
Nature of information
EIS Displays pre-generated information about the
past present, creates new information about the
past, present future
DSS Creates new information about the past,
present future

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