The Beginning of Farming

1
The Beginning of Farming

• The practice of Farming marked the beginning of
  the New Stone Age
• 11,000 years ago, humans learned that if they
  planted seeds of wild grasses, new crops of
  grasses would come up
• Plentiful food
• Nomadic life no longer required

2
Pastoral Nomads

• Nomadic life no longer required however
• Pastoral nomads raised livestock traveled
  from place to place in search of grazing areas
• Pastoral nomads (desert-roaming Bedouins) not
  uncommon today in Iraq, Syria

3
Pastoral Nomad /Bedouin
4
Global Climate Agriculture

• Scientists believe no single place of origin for
  farming
• Earliest evidence of farming coincides with the
  of the last Ice Age
• Change in global climate made farming easier?

5
Farming Around the World

• Humans gradually learned that locations with long
  spring and summer seasons were best places to
  plant
• 9,000 years ago, Chinese farmers began planting
  rice
• Soon after, people in Central America began
  growing corn, beans squash

6
Domestication of Food
7
Plant Selection

• Products of early farming looked different than
  today
• Farmers gradually learned that seeds from the
  largest, best tasting crops were best for
  planting
• Began to domesticate plants or wild plants for
  human use
• Careful selection of seeds over time led to kind
  of crops we see today

8
Terrace Farming
9
Raising Animals

• During Stone Age, humans learned to tame wild
  animals and breed them for human use
• First domesticated animals most likely dogs
  (they were valuable in hunting)
• Sheep, goats pigs provided ready sources of
  meat, milk, wool skins
• Careful breeding led to tamer animals

10
Raising Animals

• Careful breeding led to tamer animals
• 2500 B.C, cattle, camels, horses, donkeys trained
  to carry heavy loads
• Humans tried failed to domesticate many other
  animals
• Ancient India tamed wild elephants for battle
• Ancient Assyrians Egyptians trained wild
  cheetahs for hunting

11
Elephants in Battle
12
Hunter-Gatherers

• Mammoths thrived during the last ice-age which
  ended about 10,000 years ago
• Scientists have different ideas about how such
  game was hunted
• Wounded by spears and lured into hidden pits
• Attacked near watering holes
• Herd until forced over bluffs

13
Hunter-Gatherers

• Objective
• Students will be able to
• describe the lifestyles of hunters-gathers
• describe the methods hunter-gathers used to
  hunt/kill large animals
• Describe the importance of animals to the
  survival of hunter-gathers long ago
• Explain the importance of ancient art to our
  modern understanding of hunters-gatherers

14
Hunter-Gatherers

• Once mammoth killed
• hide removed it was stretched scraped clean
• Tusks and other useful parts removed from carcass
• Damaged weapons repaired made ready for next
  hunt

15
Hunter-Gatherers

• Lived in the wild
• Lived in caves or built shelters
• Huts of tusks or mammoth bones
• Hides covered shelters
• Fire pits in floor for warmth
• Made clothes of hides

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
Ancient Art

• During last Ice Age when glaciers covered the
  Earth, hunter-gatherers painted animal forms and
  symbols o cave walls.
• Charcoal and other materials use or pigmentation
• Paintings found in Africa, Europe, Australia

19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
ACTIVITY

• In teams of 2-3 complete the
• Stone Age Survival Worksheet
• Each student must complete/submit a worksheet
• Be prepared to share your findings
• Complete sentences not required