Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution
Prior Knowledge? Why does it start in England?
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Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?
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The Enclosure Movement
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Enclosed Lands Today
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• 1st PHASE 2ND PHASE
• Textiles Steel
• Iron electricity
• Steam (Watt) transportation

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Metals, Woolens, Canals
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Early Canals
Britains Earliest Transportation Infrastructure
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Mine Forge 1840-1880

• Coal replaces water
• Iron replaces wood
• Innovations make steel feasible.
• Bessemer process 1856 strong, flexible steel.

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Coal Mining in Britain1800-1914
1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
1880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners
1914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners
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Young Coal Miners
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Child Labor in the Mines
Child hurriers
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British Pig Iron Production
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Richard ArkwrightPioneer of the Factory System
The Water Frame
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Factory Production

• Concentrates production in oneplace materials,
  labor.
• Located near power .
• Requires capital investmentfactory, machines,
  etc. .Technology (Scientific Revolution)
• Markets (to sell goods)/laissez faire
• Labor Force (displaced farmers)

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The Factory System

• Rigid schedule.
• 12-14 hour day, product now owned by the
  entrepreneurs not workers (change)
• Dangerous conditions.
• Mind-numbing monotony.

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Textile FactoryWorkers in England
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New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
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Jacquards Loom
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John Kays Flying Shuttle
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The Power Loom
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James Watts Steam Engine
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Steam Tractor
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Steam Ship
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An Early Steam Locomotive
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Later Locomotives
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The Impact of the Railroad
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The Great Land Serpent
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Railroads on the Continent
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19c Bourgeoisie The Industrial Nouveau Riche
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Upstairs/Downstairs Life
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Industrial Staffordshire
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Problems of Polution
The Silent Highwayman - 1858
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The New Industrial City
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Worker Housing in Manchester
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Workers Housing in Newcastle Today
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The Life of the New Urban Poor A Dickensian
Nightmare!
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New Ways of Thinking
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Thomas Malthus

• Population growth willoutpace the food supply.
• War, disease, or faminecould control
  population.
• The poor should have less children.
• Food supply will then keep up with population.

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The Socialists Utopians Marxists

• People, society should own themeans of
  production, not individuals.
• Goal was a society that benefited everyone, not
  just the rich.
• Tried to build perfect communities utopias.

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Share in World Manufacturing Output 1750-1900