BELLWORK

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BELLWORK

• Who won the Crusades? What effect did this have
  on religion in Europe and Asia?
• How did the Crusades lead to the end of
  Feudalism?
• Explain how the Crusades affected contact with
  the outside world.
• Explain how the Crusades effected technology.
• THINKER During the Middle Ages, there was
  constant disagreements between who would rule
  the monarchs or the popes? Why was this such a
  big problem? Do you think they could have
  compromised? Explain!

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The First Crusade

• 1096-1099
• Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem

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The Second Crusade

• 1147-1149
• In response to the fall of the County of Edessa
  to the Muslims (one of the first Crusader states
  established during First Crusade)
• King Louis VII of France and Holy Roman Emperor
  Conrad III led their armies, but fought
  constantly
• Muslims defeated the Christians and regained
  control of the Holy Land

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The Third Crusade

• 1189-1192
• In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims.
• Crusade of Kings (France, England, Holy Roman)
• Saladin, a Muslim leader, united all Muslims and
  developed a well-trained and advanced army
• The Christians were unsuccessful and could not
  capture Jerusalem.

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Effects of the Crusades
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The Byzantine Empire

• Greek-speaking Eastern half of the former Roman
  Empire (Eastern Orthodox Christianity)
• During most of its existence, it was the most
  powerful economic, cultural, and military force
  in Europe.
• The capital city, Constantinople, was a key city
  for trade, spread of ideas, religion, culture,
  art, architecture, etc.
• During the Fourth Crusade, the Muslims took
  Constantinople and invaded the Byzantine Empire.
• Despite the efforts to re-establish the empire,
  the Turks progressively took control of Byzantine
  states during the 15th century, eventually
  leading to its decline.

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The Baptism of Constantine
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Byzantine Church Hagia Sophia
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The Division of the Empire after the Fourth
Crusade
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Engineering an Empire The Byzantines
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From one war to the next

• Political power gradually shifted from feudal
  nobles to kings
• Influence of the clergy and nobles diminished
• Despite the strengthening of monarchy and central
  government, feudal disputes continued to spark
  conflict throughout Europe.
• To learn more about one of the most important
  disputes, you will read about the Hundred Years
  War and complete a History Frame.
• A history frame is a strategy of organizing a
  historical event in a visual way.. Like a
  storyboard!
• Use pgs. 149-150 follow my guidelines on the
  board!

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The Hundred Years War

• 1337-1453 Kings of France and England fought
  over control of French territory and the French
  throne.
• England won the early battles because of their
  military superiority.

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Joan of Arc

• Joan of Arc using divine guidance, she led a
  French army and ended the English siege of
  Orleans.
• Joan later became a prisoner of the English and
  was burned to her death.
• Inspired by Joans courage, the French rallied
  and drove the English out.
• England no longer held any French territory.

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Effects of Hundred Years War

• National unity in both France and England
• Decline of Feudalism
• New technology of fighting
• Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with actual
  national armies
• Increased taxes to rebuild their countries
• Europe went through a period of revival

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European Revival

• The Crusades 100 Years War advanced Western
  Europe. Towns grew, trade expanded, and the arts
  thrived. People also began to question
  leadership.
• For this reading assignment, there are eight
  groups.
• Each group is dedicated to a specific portion of
  society that improved after the Crusades/100
  Y.W..
• Read to yourself silently
• Discuss the most important concept with the rest
  of your group
• Tell the class about it
• The rest of the class will write down the most
  important fact/term/idea from your reading

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European Revival

1. Agricultural Advances Growth of Towns pg. 147
2. The Middle Class pg.147
3. Trade and Money pg. 147
4. Guilds pg. 147/8
5. Universities New Learning pg. 148/9
6. Medieval Literature pg. 149
7. Medieval Art pg. 149
8. Church Reform pg. 153

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CLOSURE

• On a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following
  questions
• In your OWN words, summarize the Hundred Years
  War. Causes/Effects
• Who was Joan of Arc? What was she fighting for?
  What happened to her?
• Explain the changes to European culture during
  the Middle Ages.
• How did the church make changes to its policies?
• In your own opinion, why do you think people
  fight for religion? Explain.