Time Period III

1
Time Period III

• 600 CE 1450 CE

2
Main Ideas

• 3.1 Exchange and communication networks expand
  and intensify
• 3.2 State formation and interactions
  experiences changes and continuities
• 3.3 Economic productive capacity increases and
  causes a lot of changes

3
Main Topics Covered

• Islam comes into being
• Islamic armies conquer create empires
• The Byzantine Empire Rome continued in the East
• Europe experiences disruption and new cultural
  forms (Vikings, feudalism, the rise of Roman
  Catholic Christianity) Russias culture looks to
  Byzantium
• Tang and Song Dynasty China drive economic
  innovation (flying money, paper money, banking,
  mass production)
• In the Americas, huge new empires develop (Maya
  later Aztec Inca)
• In West Africa, huge new empires develop are in
  contact with the Islamic world (Ghana, Mali,
  Songhai)
• The Mongols cause huge amounts of exchange
  stability and also chaos and disruption of older
  patterns of empire

4
Islam

• Arabia before Islam tribal and warlike
• Muhammads job merchant, b/c Arabia traded out
  bunches of incense
• Mecca trade center b/c of truce around Kaba,
  where polytheistic deities were worshipped
• Mix of cultures, including Judaism and
  Christianity (mothotheism)

5
Islam, cont.

• Muhammads cave visions recited the Koran
• Gained followers. Messed with Kaba trade
• Meccan leaders were haters. Early Muslims flee to
  Median (hijra, 622 CE)
• Muslims vs. other Arabs war. Muslims win and
  take Mecca
• Unity found through the 5 Pillars and worship of
  1 God.

6
Caliphate System the Sunni and Shiite split

• Muhammads death succession crisis
• 2 main factions Sunni and Shiite
• Sunni leader (caliph) chosen by the Umma
• Shiite leader (caliph) Muhammads relatives
• Caliph caesaropapist ruler
• Sunnis dominant majority today

7
Umayyad Abbasid Caliphate

• Umayyad ARAB conquest empire built off booty
• Conquered Arabia, Sassanian (Persian) much of
  the Byzantine Empires (Mideast Anatolia) b/c
  they were internally weak, North Africa, Spain
• Abbasid MUSLIM golden age of unity House of
  Wisdom retention building on Greek logic
  learning
• Fell apart as Abbasids weakened. Turkic slave
  soldiers took control

8
Byzantine Empire

• Eastern Roman Empire
• Retained unity as Western Europe fell to nomadic
  invasions after 400 CE.
• Lasted until 1453.
• Orthodox (led by Patriarch) ? converted the
  Kievan Rus
• Mosaic art, centralization, Constantinople
  capital city

9
Kievan Rus

• Russian city-states dominated by the Prince of
  Kiev
• TRADED furs especially down the rivers leading to
  the Caspian Black Seas (the Byzantine Empire
  and Abbasid Caliphate were trading partners)
• Most people were rural
• Converted to Orthodoxy
• Conquered by the Golden Horde Mongols made to
  pay tribute

10
Medieval Europe

• Roman Empire totally fell apart in the West after
  476.
• Local (feudal) lords with castles became the
  protectors (instead of the central govt)
• Feudalism social/political system in which
  work, protection, and loyalty are exchanged.
  Serfs work the land, Lords provide the land and
  protection in exchange for ag products, knights
  serve as warriors who are given fiefs of land
  with serfs on it to life on by lords

11
Medieval Europe

• Manorialism ECONOMIC system based on local
  production
• Roman Catholic Church pope provided some unity
• Missionaries (often friars) went out converting
  people
• Instability was an important characteristic
  (think Vikings who raided and the settled down,
  assimilating into local populations)

12
Sui

• 589-618 CE
• China after the classical period was also
  disunified
• Sui, using Legalism, reunified it
• Grand Canal built, making an inter-linked economy
  out of N. and S. China

13
Tang

• 618-908 CE
• Known for Buddhism rulers even patronized
  Buddhism (the religion leaked in during the end
  of the Han,providing stability)
• Huge army territory Silk Road Trade!
• Reintroduced the Exam System for bureaucracy
• Women better status
• 845 govt turned against Buddhism, encouraged
  by Confucian bureaucrats to stamp out foreign
  barbaric practices

14
Song

• 908 1268 CE
• Neo-Confucian (blended in Buddhist Daoist
  beliefs)
• Womens status ? (foot-binding)
• Commercial Revolution (flying money, paper money)
• Inventive compass, paper, printing press,
  gunpowder
• Conquered by Kublai Khan

15
Maya

• 600s 900s
• City-states culturally unified
• Religious ritual blood-letting
• Inventive agriculture
• Intense inter-city-state rivalries war

16
Aztec

• 1300-1500 CE
• Conquest State, truly united
• Control through tribute and fear
• Sacrifice and enslavement of conquered
• Tenochtitlan capital
• Complex social hierarchy (warriors priests)
• Important families rule outer territories
• Innovative agriculture like chinampas

17
Inca

• 1400s-1500s CE
• Military expansion
• Highly centralized government
• Control of wealth, labor, trade (mita)
• Redistributive economy
• Capital at Cuzco
• Royal families rule outlying areas
• Quipus, terrace farming, irrigation

18
Mongols

• Pre-Empire
• Nomadic, disunified, raiders and looters,
  family/tribe oriented (lots of fighting)
• Genghis Khan (1206-1227)
• Unifies various groups
• Massive Empire (China to Syria, Russia to Syria)
• Death of Genghis
• Four Empires emerge

19
Four Mongol Empires

• Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty)
• Centralized, never fully assimilate, utilize
  bureaucratic system and cultural leaders
• Khanate of Chaghadai (Central Asia/Trade Routes)
• Protection and facilitation of trade
• Golden Horde (Russia, Northern Eurasia)
• Small furry animals and tribute
• Khanate of Persia (E. Abassid Caliphate
• Full assimilation and conversion to Islam

20
Pax Mongolica

• Facilitated trade through massive empire
• Protection and taxation
• Increases cultural interaction and diffusion
• Exchange of ideas, technology, religion, disease
• Bad destruction and disease
• People unified through dislike of Mongols

21
Great Zimbabwe

• Southeastern Africa 1000s-1450
• Started by the Shona (Bantu-speakers)
• Iron working and agriculture
• Inland state (S.E. Africa) traded with the
  Swahili Coast into the IOMS
• Export of gold in exchange for
• Fabrics, ceramics, spices and fruits (IOMS)
• Strong political state

22
Ghana

• 400s-1000s
• West Africa (Niger River)
• Major trade routes
• River and Trans-Saharan (did not control trade,
  just taxed it)
• Gold, salt, ivory
• Taxes and armies
• Iron weapons and agricultural tools
• Began conversion to Islam

23
Mali

• 800-1450 CE
• Conquers Ghana (Sundjata)
• Centralized Government and Bureaucracy
• Niger RiverTrade and Taxes
• Mansa Musa and Timbuktu
• Conversion to Islam
• Export of Gold and Salt controlled the mines
• Tribute to supply food
• Slaves and agriculture
• Conquered by Songhai

24
Songhai

• 1000s-1585
• Islam to unify and jihads to conquer ? became
  stronger and stronger until it took over Mali
  beyond
• Strong government
• 5 provinces, Islamic Courts, Huge Army
• Political hierarchy (Hindu caste similarity)
• Drought, disease, and decline of trade spells
  doom
• Islamic Universities, Arabic Sharia law united
  helped centralize

25
Marco Polo/Ibn Battuta

• World travelers
• Documented their journeys and experiences
• Marco Polo Silk Roads
• Ibn Battuta Dar al-Islam
• Ibn Battuta discusses similarities and
  differences across Dar al-Islam
• Marco Polo discusses advanced Asian continent for
  backwards Europeans?