Title: An%20Overview%20of%20Chinese%20History
1A Outline of Traditional Chinese Culture
- An Overview of Chinese History
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3The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
- Paleolithic Period(?????)1,700,000-10,000 years
ago - Neolithic Period(?????)10,000-4,000 years ago
- Xia Dynasty (?) 2070B.C.-1600 B.C.
- Shang Dynasty (?) 1600 B.C.-1046 B.C.
- Western Zhou Dynasty (??) 1046 B.C.-771 B.C.
- Spring and Autumn Period (??)770 B.C.-476 B.C.
- Warring State Period(??) 475 B.C.-221 B.C.
4The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
- Qin Dynasty(?) 221BC-206BC
- Han Dynasty (Western Han Eastern Han)(?)
206BC-220AD - Three Kingdoms (??) 220-280AD
- Jin Dynasty (Western Jin Eastern Jin)(?)
265-420 - Southern and Northern Dynasties(???) 420-589
- Sui Dynasty (?) 581-618
- Tang Dynasty (?) 618-907
5The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
- Five Dynasties (??) 907-960
- Liao Dynasty (?) 907-1125
- Song Dynasty (Northern Song Southern Song) (?)
960-1279 - Western Xia Dynasty(??)1038-1227
- Jin Dynasty (?) 1115-1234
- Yuan Dynasty (?) 1206-1368
6The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
- Ming Dynasty (?) 1368-1644
- Qing Dynasty (?) 1616-1840 (Opium War)-1911
- Republic of China(????)1912-1949
- Peoples Republic of China(???????)1949-
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7The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 1. The Dawn of Chinese History The Pre-Qin
Period Culture(?????????????) - (1) The Earliest Human Beings in China Yuanmou
Man (dated back to 1,700,000 years ago, the
earliest human beings ever found in
China)-Lantian Man (walk upright on 2
feet)-Peking Man (skilled at making fire, making
and using stone tools)- Upper Cave Man (18000,
resembled modern human beings in appearance ) - (2) The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in
Ancient China
8The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- (3) Ancestors of the Chinese Nation 4000 years
ago, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang defeated
Chiyou. - (4) Confucius, the Great Educator
- (5) The Hundred Schools of Thought and their
Exponents.???? - (6) The Art of War the world first treatise on
military science????????????
9An outline history
- Yuanmou Man and Peking Man
- The Ancient Period
- The Modern Times
10Yuanmou Man and Peking Man
- The first primitive man known to have existed in
China is Yuanmou Man, who lived 1.7 million years
ago. - Peking Man, who existed more than 400,000 years
ago, could walk upright, make and use simple
tools, and make use of fire.
11The Ancient Period
- Why are we called the descendants of Yan and
Huang (????)? - Chinese history began with two legendary
figuresEmperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who,
together with their tribes, inhabited the
drainage area along the middle reaches of the
Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after
centuries of living side by side, these two
tribes had gradually merged into one.
Consequently, the Chinese people usually
themselves the descendants of Yan and Huang.
12Yu conquering the flood
- Yu inspired people to dig ditches to
divert water instead of building dams. He worked
ceaselessly for 13 years and succeeded in
controlling the floods.
13The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 2. The period of Great Feudal Unity The Qin and
Han Dynasties? ???????? - (1)Qinshihuang, the First Emperor in Chinese
History - (2)The Great Wall and the Terracotta Warriors
- (3)Sima Qian and his Records of the Historian
- (4) Zhang Heng, and his seismograph / seismoscope
- (5) Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of medicine and
Hua Tuo, the founder of surgery
14Qinshihuang, the First Emperor
- The First Emperor of Qin (watch a movie)
- He unified the Language, the measurement
system and the currency, set up the prefectures
and counties system, constructed the famous Great
Wall and built extravagant palaces and mausoleums.
15The Terracotta Warriors
16The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 3. The division of China once more and the
intermingling of ethnic groups The Three
Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the Southern
and Northern Dynasties. - ??????????????????????
- Chao Cao, Zhuge Liang
- Romance of the Three Kingdoms????
- Wang Xizhi, the saint of calligraphy
17The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 4. The heyday of Feudal Society The Sui and
Tang Dynasties????????? - (1) The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty
- (2) Xuanzangs Journey to the West
- (3) Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean to Japan
18The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 5. The continued development of Feudal Society
and the coexistence of ethnic regimes - The Five Dynasties, and the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin
and Yuan Dynasties - ??????????????????????????????
- (1)Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang
- (2)The Four Great Inventions
- (3)Riversides scene on the Pure Brightness
Festival - (4) Sima Guang and the Comprehensive Mirror for
Aid in Government ????
19The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 6. The period of further development of the
unitary multi-ethnic country and the decline of
feudal society The Ming and Qing Dynasties
(before the opium war of 1840)????????????????????
??????(??????) - Zhu Yuanzhang, Zheng He, Qi Jiguang
- Li Shizhen and Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of
Materia Medica)
20The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 7. Modern Period????
- (1) Lin Zexu and the Destruction of Opium at
Humen - (2) The first Opium War
- (3) The May 4th Movement
21The historical development of the Chinese
culture
- 8. Contemporary Period ????
- You know much about this period.
22Brief introduction to Chinese Symbols
- National Day
- National Emblem
- National Anthem
- (Internationale???)
- National Capital
23National Day
- Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in
honor of the founding of the Peoples Republic of
China (PRC) on October 1, 1949.
24National Flag
- The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution
and the yellow color of the stars the golden
brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land. - The design of the four smaller stars surrounding
a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese
people under the leadership of the Communist
Party of China.
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26National Emblem
- Composed of patterns of the national flag, the
Tiananmen Rostrum, a wheel gear and ears of
wheat, it symbolizes the New-Democratic
Revolution of the Chinese people since the May
4th Movement in 1919 and the birth of New China.
27National Anthem
- March of the Volunteers was written in 1935 and
was officially adopted as the national anthem of
the PRC on December 4, 1982. - The lyrics of March of the Volunteers goes as
follow - Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves
- Let us amount our flesh and blood towards
our new Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces
its greatest peril, The thundering roar of our
people will be heard! - Arise! Arise! Arise!
- We are many, but our hearts beat as one!
Selflessly braving the enemys gunfire, march
on! Selflessly braving the enemys gunfire,
march on! March on! March on! on!
28National Capital
- On September 27, 1949, Beiping was renamed as
Beijing and became capital of the PRC. - Beijing is not only the nations political
centre, but also serves as its economic,
scientific and cultural heart.
29Geography
- Location and Boundary
- Topography
- Rivers and Lakes
- Climate
30Location and Boundary
31Whats the location of China in the Map?
- Located in the east of the Asian continent, on
the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC
has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and
is the third largest country in the world, next
only to Russia and Canada.
32Topography
33What are the features of Chinese topography?
- China is a country of varied topographical
features with highlands in the west and plains in
the east. - Taking a birds-eye view of China, the terrain
descends from the west to east like a
four-staircase
34- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Southwest China (above
4000m) - Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the
Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Tarim Basin(?????),
the Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin
(1000m-2000m) - The Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and
the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain (500-1000m) - The continental shelf
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36Rivers and Lakes
- More than 1,500 rivers each drain 1,000 sq km or
larger areas - Rich in water-power resources
- Exterior and interior river systems
- The Yangtze River and the Yellow River
- 24,800 natural lakes
- The Grand Canal
37Whats your impression of the Yangtze River?
- The Yangtze River is the longest river in China
(6,300km) - It flows through 11 provinces, autonomous regions
and municipalities. - It is one of the main artery of water
transportation between eastern and western China.
38 Whats your impression of the Yellow River?
- The Yellow River is Chinas second longest river
(5,464 km) - The most heavily silt-laden river in the world.
- The Yellow river catchment area is an important
base for grains in China.
39Anything about the Grand Canal?
- The Grand Canal is also called Jinghang Canal
(1,801 km) - The canal was open to navigation over 1,000 years
ago. - It passes through one city, four provinces and
links five major rivers.
40Climate
- A warm climate and distinct seasons
- Continental monsoon climate in China
- 1) cold and dry winters
- 2) warm and humid summers
41Administrative Divisions (5 minutes)
- Three-tier system (????), dividing the nation
into provinces, counties and townships - At present China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous
regions, 4 municipalities and two special
administrative regions (SAR?????)
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43Population
- More recent data using sampling by the National
Bureau of Statistics announced that by Nov. 1,
2010, the population of China was 1,370,536,875. - What is One Child Policy?
- It is a policy of family planning, hoping to
control the population increase, improve
population quality.
44Distribution of the Ethnic groups
- 56 ethnic groups (Han, 91.51)
- According to the fifth national census conducted
in 2010, the population of all the 55 minority
ethnic groups totaled 113,792,221, accounting for
8.49 percent of the total population of China. - What is the ethnic policy in China?
- Equality, unity, mutual assistance and common
prosperity (??,??,??,????)are the basic
principles of the Chinese government in handling
the relations between ethnic groups.
45- Guess what ethnic group are they from?
46Dong
47Yi
48Tujia
49Li
50Miao
51The Political System
- The Constitution of the Peoples Republic of
China is the fundamental law of the state. - The NPC is the highest organ of state power.
- The Communist Party is the sole party in power in
China. Apart from it, there are eight democratic
parties in China. - The State Council, or the Central Peoples
Government, of the Peoples Republic of China is
the executive body of the highest organ of state
power and the highest organ of state
administration.
52Economic Development and Reform
- What is GDP?
- Gross domestic product, the total market value of
all the goods and services produced in a country
in a specific period. (13,687.59 billion RMB in
2004) - Economic reform and opening-up are the two
fundamental State policies of China.
53Students Presentation
- Please do brief introduction to your hometown,
including the details about the location,
population, climate, the main scenes,etc. - First in pairs and to the whole class.
54Homework
- Please prepare for next class presentation.
- Time 10 minutes (Followed by 5-minutes
comments from other students) - Topic Any festivals except the Spring Festival,
the Mid-autumn Festival and the Lantern Festival.
- Arrangement two or three students each time.
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