Cell Types

1
Inside the Cell
2
Cell Trivia

• An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells
• Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive
  cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells
• When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion
  cells
• A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000
  cells.
• There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

3
Cell Function

• Cells in organisms are specialized to perform
  particular functions
• Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the
  body.
• Muscle cells contract and relax to move parts of
  the body.
• Guard cells control the opening and closing of
  stomata on the underside of leaves to let in air.

4
Levels of Organization
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
5
Inside the Cell
Organelles
6
Inside the Cell
Organelles

• A structure within a cell that performs a
  specific function.

7
Two types of cells Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic (pro-carry-au-tic)
• Single cell organisms that do not have a nucleus
• Bacteria
• Eukaryotic (you-carry-au-tic)
• Has a nucleus and organelles
• Plant and animal cells

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1. Cell Membrane

• Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Thin surrounds the cell

9
2. Cytoplasm

• A watery gel material that fills the cell and
  keeps organelles in place

10

• Mitochondria
• (plural for mitochondrion)

• Converts sugars into energy for the cell
• Powerhouse of the cell

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4. Nucleus

• The nucleus is the largest organelle in a cell
• Controls cells activities
• The Brains of the cell
• Contains the chromosomes

http//hictsci211gene.blogspot.com/
12
Chromosomes

• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions for traits characteristics
  

http//library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.htm
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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Makes, packages and delivers ribosome and lipids
• Ribosomes are the protein makers
• Folds and tubes located by the nucleus

14

• Golgi Apparatus
• (or Golgi Bodies)

• Modify, sort and package proteins lipids into
  vesicles for storage or secretion (for outside of
  the cell)
• Flattened membranes stacked together

15
7. Lysosomes

• Contains digestive enzymes
• Breaks down food, viruses, bacteria, old
  organelles, etc.

16
8. Vacuoles

• Stores food, water wastes
• Larger in plant cell than in animal cell
• Helps plants maintain their shape

17
9. Chloroplast

• Found only in PLANT cells.
• Convert light energy into sugars starch
• Green, contains chlorophyll

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10. Cell Wall

• Thick, tough layer surrounds cell
• Provides support and protection
• Found only in PLANT cells

19
Cilia Flagella

• Movement
• Cilia Many hairlike extensions
• Flagella - Whip-like tail or long projections