Organic Compounds

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Section 2-3

• Organic Compounds

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Organic Compounds

• Any molecule containing carbon
• Carbon skeletons may vary in length
• Skeletons may be branched or unbranched

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Organic Compounds

• Skeletons may have double bonds, which can vary
  in location. These are called isomers.
• Skeletons may be arranged in rings.

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Types of Organic Compounds

• Carbohydrates
• Monomers (single unit sugar) monosaccharides
• Ex Glucose and Fructose
• Disaccharides two single sugars
• Ex Lactose
• Polysaccharides many monosaccharides linked
  together
• Ex Starch (energy storage in plants), glycogen
  (energy storage in animals), and cellulose (gives
  plants strength and rigidity)

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Carbohydrates cont.

• Functional Groups present OH and CO
• Function main source of energy for all living
  things

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2. Fats or Lipids

• Made of mainly carbon and hydrogen
• Mostly nonpolar will not dissolve in water
• Function Energy storage, cushions vital organs,
  and insulates the body

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3. Nucleic Acids

• Monomers nucleotides
• Functional groups PO4
• Function Heredity
• Examples DNA and RNA

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4. Proteins

• Monomer amino acids
• Functional Groups NH2 and COOH
• Function regulate chemical reactions in cells,
  help fight disease, transport substances into and
  out of cells, and provide structure for tissues
  and organs.
• Examples Enzymes