Research Paper

1
Research Paper
2

• Research Paper Requirements
• Works Cited 5 sources 10
• Note Cards 10 cards 10
• Note Cards 10 cards 10
• Outline/Thesis 10
• Rough Draft covering all of outline 40
• Final Draft 200
• Class work/ You will earn points for 20
• Participation your participation during class.
• Total 300

3
Supplies Needed1. 8 1/2 x 10 manilla or
plastic envelope 2. 3 1/2 x 5 or 4x6 note cards
(not neon colored)3. highlighters4. change
for making copies -- Library time is limited, so
you must make copies on those days!!
4
Literary Analysis Choosing A Topic

• Choose a piece of literature to discuss.
• Imagery
• Theme
• Symbolism
• Characterization
• Compare two works or discuss many
• works by one author

5
Examples of Topics for Literary Analysis Papers

• Racism in Huck Finn
• Character Traits of Julius Caesar
• Character Traits of Brutus in Julius Caesar
• Power Struggles in Julius Caesar
• The Sinfulness of Characters in The Scarlet
  Letter
• Character Traits of Hester Prynne
• Character Traits of Dimmesdale
• Character Traits of Chillingworth
• A Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter
• Major Symbols of Poe
• Major Themes of Poe
• Poes Life Reflected in His Works
• Superstition in To Kill a Mockingbird
• Dark Images in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
• http//infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb?dbLitRG

6
Guidelines for Literary Analysis

• 3 double spaced pages typed
• 12 point standard font (Times New Roman or Arial)

7
Library Research

• Time will be limited
• Select topic swiftly no more than two people
  per class may have same topic
• Find at least 5 to 6 sources in library
• Check out books or make copies/prints on those
  days must have these in class
• If you do not get your sources during assigned
  time, you will get behind on other parts.
• Class participation points you will be
  monitored for progress and utilization of time

8
Social Issue Persuasive Essay Choosing A Topic

• Choose a social issue to discuss
• Find statistics, laws, definitions, and other
  background info. about the topic
• Find three to four advantages or disadvantages of
  the issue to discuss
• Develop an argument in favor or in opposition to
  the topic

9
Examples of Topics for Social Issue Persuasive
Papers

• Euthanasia should remain illegal.
• Abortion should/ should not be an option.
• http//infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb?dbOVRC

10
Guidelines for Persuasive Essay

• Two pages double spaced typed (12 point Times New
  Roman font style)
• OR
• Five pages neatly handwritten on notebook paper
  skipping every other line only on front in blue
  or black ink

11
Library Research

• Time will be limited
• Select topic swiftly no more than two people
  per class may have same topic
• Find at least 5 to 6 sources in library
• Check out books or make copies/prints from
  magazines, internet, etc. on those days must
  have these in class
• If you do not get your sources during assigned
  time, you will get behind on other parts.
• Class participation points you will be
  monitored for progress and utilization of time

12
Works Cited

• Use at least five sources
• Alphabetize entries
• Follow MLA format
• (see reference packet, citationmachine.net, or
  owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/)

13
Works Cited
Example

• Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York
  A Perigee
• Book, 1954.
• Gruen, John. Characterization in Lord of the
  Flies.
• Readings on Lord of the Flies. Ed. Harold Bloom.
  New
• York Bantam House Publishers, 1992. 112-118.
• Henningfeld, Diane Andrews. "An Overview of Lord
  of the
• Flies." an Essay for Exploring Novels. Gale,
  1998. Rpt. in
• Literature Resource Center. Detroit Gale, 2011.
  Literature
• Resources from Gale. Web. 25 Mar. 2011.
• lthttp//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?idGALE7CH1420
  005
• 076v2.1uavl_tuscitrpLitRGswwgt.

14
Note Cards

• Either paraphrase, summarize, or use direct
  quotes!
• Do not plagiarize
• Only one note per card!
• Four parts to card note, aspect of subject,
  source number, and page numbers

15
Subject Source

• Note (paraphrase, summary or quote)
• Only one note per card
• If you change subject or source number, change
  cards
• Page from source

16
Caesars Ambition 2

• Flavius notes, These growing feathers plucked
  from Caesars wing / Will make him fly an
  ordinary pitch, / Who else would soar above the
  view of men / And keep us in servile
  fearfulness.
• Act I, scene ii, lines 72-75

17
II. vengeance of victims deaths
III. financial reasons
capital punishment
I. background information
IV. deterrence of future crimes
Clustering
18
Thesis

• Make a claim about your topic.
• Your thesis statement is something you plan to
  prove through the course of the paper.
• Ex. Capital punishment should be used to promote
  vengeance of victims deaths, financial reasons,
  and deterrence of future crimes.

19
Formula for Writing a Thesis Statement

• A specific topic
• about three particular features, feelings, or
  stands
• --------------------------------------------------
  ----------------
• an effective thesis statement.

20
Outlining

• Form thesis statement with what you want to prove
  in your paper
• Show background and advantages or disadvantages
  of topic
• Use keyword phrases to complete outlining
• Follow rules of spacing and margination in
  outlining

21
Outline

• Thesis
• I. Background
• A.
• B.
• C.
• II. Point one
• A.
• B.
• C.
• III. Point two
• A.
• B.
• C.
• IV. Point three
• A.
• B.
• C.

Double space throughout or skip every other
line. Leave a one inch bottom margin
22
Thesis Capital punishment should be used to
promote vengeance of victims deaths,
financial reasons, and deterrence of future
crimes. I. Background A.
B. C. II. Vengeance of victims
deaths A. B. C.
III. Financial reasons A. B.
C. IV. Deterrence of future crimes
23
superstitious
weak
Julius Caesar
highly ambitious
Clustering
24
Outlining

• Form thesis statement with what you want to prove
  in your paper
• Show main points of topic as the Roman numerals
• Use keyword phrases to complete outlining
• Follow rules of spacing and margination in
  outlining

25
Thesis

• Make a claim about your topic.
• Your thesis statement is something you plan to
  prove through the course of the paper.
• Ex. William Shakespeare presents Caesar as a
  superstitious, weak, but highly ambitious
  character.

26
Formula for Writing a Thesis Statement

• A specific topic
• about three particular features, feelings, or
  stands
• --------------------------------------------------
  ----------------
• an effective thesis statement.

27
Outline

• Thesis
• I. Point one
• A.
• B.
• C.
• II. Point two
• A.
• B.
• C.
• III. Point three
• A.
• B.
• C.

Double space throughout or skip every other
line. Leave a one inch bottom margin
28
Thesis William Shakespeare presents Caesar as
a superstitious, weak, but highly ambitious
character. I. Superstitious A. Ides
of March B. Animal sacrifices II. Weak
A. Epilepsy B. Deafness in one
earIII. Highly ambitious A. Conquests
B. Crown
Double Space throughout outline
29
Drafting

• Follow outline
• Develop thesis or plan
• Give support from sources
• Document sources
• Present in formal manner
• (do not write on backs of paper and follow one
  inch margins)
• Literary Criticism 2 ½ - 3 pages typed/
  Persuasive Essay 1 ½-2 pages typed

30
Essay Format (literary criticism)

1. Introduction ending in thesis (refer to lit. in
   present tense)
2. Idea 1 topic sentence transitions and
   supporting details/ex. clincher
3. Idea 2 topic sentence transitions and
   supporting details/examples clincher
4. Idea 3 topic sentence transitions and
   supporting details/examples clincher
5. Conclusion beginning with restatement of thesis
   other general sentences leading reader out of
   paper

31
Essay Format (Persuasive Essay)

1. Introduction ending in thesis
2. Background Information
3. Idea 1 topic sentence transitions and
   supporting details/ex. clincher
4. Idea 2 topic sentence transitions and
   supporting details/examples clincher
5. Idea 3 topic sentence transitions and
   supporting details/examples clincher
6. 5. Conclusion beginning with restatement of
   thesis other general sentences leading reader
   out of paper

32
Documentation

• Types of information to document
• Direct quotations
• Opinions, statistics, definitions, data, etc.
  from other authors
• What not to document
• Your own thoughts or general information that is
  accepted as common knowledge
• General information that is found in more than
  one reference work

33
Examples of Parenthetical CitationsWhich
Correspond with Works Cited

• end of sentence (Calvert 1 of 1).
• end of sentence (Facts on Drugs 1 of 2).
• words in a quote (qtd. in Calvert 1 of 1).
• end of sentence (Byron 234).

34
Sample of how to insert parenthetical
documentation
35
Indented Quote
Quotes longer than three lines follow this format

• Wayne Martino draws attention to the impact of
  masculinity
• in the literacy practices of boys by addressing
  why boys
• reject reading and English as a subject. Martino
  found that,
• boys were caught up in a gender bind in
  which they perceived the subject English as a
  feminized learning practice that conflicted
  with their tenuous masculinitySome boys
  tended to explain their lack of motivation for
  reading in terms of girls predisposition for
  this kind of literacy practice. Thus, on the
  basis of this study it would appear that the
  acquisition of literacy seems to be hindered by
  a set of cultural practices through which boys
  learn to establish their masculinity (230).

36
Rachel Hughes
English 10
Mrs. Hughes
05 April 2011
Capital Punishment
Even though many people feel the taking
of a life is murder, they firmly believe capital

punishment is justified. In todays society
37
Rachel Hughes
Advanced English 10
Mrs. Hughes
05 April 2011
Character Sketch of Caesar
Early in Julius Caesar one character notes,
These growing feathers plucked from Caesars
wing / Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, /
38
Introductory Paragraph(at least five sentences)

• Attention Grabber or Hook (question, quote,
  statistic, startling fact, controversial
  statement, etc.)
• Sentences with Significance to Topic (a bridge
  from hook to thesis)
• Thesis Statement
  
• (one from outline)

39
A Way to Start the Attention Grabber or Hook

• Share some thought-provoking details about the
  subject.
• Ask your reader a challenging question.
• Begin with an informative quotation.
• Provide a dramatic, eye-opening statement.
• Open with some thoughtful dialogue or an engaging
  story.

40
Sample Hook SentencesPersuasive Essay

• Even though capital punishment is the taking of
  ones life, many people support this issue.
• Even though abortion should be a personal choice,
  many people feel it is morally and ethically
  wrong.
• Does watching too much television or playing too
  many video games produce violence in youngsters?

41
Persuasive Beginning

• Use formal word choices avoid contractions
• Introduction tells the reader about your opinion.
  Avoid I think, or I believe. You dont wont
  to appear biased.
• Thesis statement clearly
• states your opinion and lists three reasons of
  support.

42
Body Paragraph Guideline

• Topic Sentence general with no examples
• Supporting sentence sentence with info. from A.
  idea on outline and evidence
• Supporting sentence sentence with info. from B.
  idea on outline and evidence
• Supporting sentence sentence with info. from C.
  idea on outline and evidence
• Clincher restates topic sentence using
  different words

43
Topic for background information

• Much information exists on the topic of
  __________.
• A (Last Name 2 of 3).
• B (Title 1 of 4).
• C (Title 3 of 5).
• Therefore, _______ is a very important issue in
  todays society.

44
Paragraph Structure
Top of hamburger bun topic sentence Lettuce
supporting detail Onion supporting
detail Cheese supporting detail Meat
supporting detail Bottom of bun clincher or
restatement of topic
45
Persuasive Middle

• Each paragraph should tell the reader of one
  reason to support your opinion.
• The essay should have three reasons ranked from
  least to greatest of importance
• to support your opinion.

46
Persuasive Middle cont.

• Each paragraph should have at least three details
  or facts supporting the reason in that paragraph.
  Use info. from sources.
• Paragraphs should be organized from least
  important reason to greatest important.

47
End

• Restate the thesis statement in the conclusion.
• You should have at least five sentences in the
  last paragraph.
• It is as important as the introduction.
• Lead the reader out with general information in
  the end like the info. you used in introduction
• Remember to add a clincher
• to the last sentence.

48
Remember to Use Transition Words!

• Middle paragraphs and the last paragraph should
  begin with transition words.
• Examples first, second, third, finally, in
  addition, also, last, equally important, in the
  first place, likewise, besides, as a result,
  therefore, on the other hand, nevertheless, in
  conclusion

49
Revision Tips

• Include the following parts in your paper 1)
  introduction, 2) exact following of the outline
  as the body, and 3) conclusion to sum up all
  ideas presented.
• Do not use contractions in a formal paper.
• Use transitions to link ideas. Examples are as
  follows for example, in addition, likewise,
  moreover, furthermore, similarly, finally, in
  conclusion, consequently, on the other hand, and
  also.

50
Revision Tips

• Avoid the use of there is and there are
  because this is a weak sentence construction.
  The preferred structure is to insert a strong
  action verb.
• Weak There are many reasons to avoid using
  drugs.
• Better Many reasons exist to avoid using
  drugs.
• Spell out most numbers that can be written in two
  or fewer words unless it is a technical number.

51
Revision Tips

• Cite at least five different sources within the
  body of your paper in the form of parenthetical
  citations (discussed in the reference packet).
  Only these sources should appear on the final
  works cited page.
• Use lead ins to introduce quotes.
• Example According to one critic, Depression
  . . . (Smith 5).

52
Revision Tips

• Use objective third person reference. Do not use
  I, we me, us and you.
• Wrong You should avoid drug use.
• Better A person should avoid drug use.
• Use topic sentences to introduce each body
  paragraph.
• Examples Also, teens should not use alcohol to
  avoid health risks.
• Furthermore, teens should not use alcoholic
  substances to avoid violence and criminal
  activity.

53
Revision Tips

• Rewrite or type all of your paper for the final
  copy, including outline, rough draft of body, and
  works cited. Number paper starting with first
  page of body. (Also, number the works cited
  page.)
• These are the following items for the turn in
  date in your enclosed envelope 1) copies of
  sources (not books), 2) all note cards, rough
  draft of outline, body, and works cited, 3) final
  copies of outline, body, and works cited, 4)
  reference packet, and 5) criteria sheet.

54
Staple Draft in This Order

• 1. Copy of outline
• Body of paper written
• following outline
• 3. Copy of works cited

55
Pulling It All Together

• Works Cited
• Rough Draft
• Final Product

56
Deadline Day

• Turn in these items in your envelope
• Sources
• Note cards
• Rough Draft (outline, paper, works cited)
• Final Draft (outline, paper, works cited)
• Grade Scale
• Reference Packet (or 1.00 if lost)