Modeling the Planet

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Modeling the Planet

• Maps and map making

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Globe

• Virtual Globes
• http//www.virtual-globe.info/
• http//earth.google.com/
• http//worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/
• http//resources.esri.com/arcgisexplorer/index.cfm
  ?fadownload

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Maps

• Maps are used to represent the Earth or part of
  the Earth in an easily accessible manner.
• We often find these 3 types of maps
• Mercator Projection
• Gnomonic Projection
• Polyconic Projection

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Mercator

• Cylindrical Projection Map

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Gerardus Mercator

• Dont Write This Down
• (5 March 1512 2 December 1594) was a Flemish
  cartographer. He was born in Rupelmonde in the
  County of Flanders. He is remembered for the
  Mercator projection world map, which is named
  after him. This proved very useful to many later
  explorers.

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Gnomonic

• Azimuthal Projection Map

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Polyconic

• Conic Projection Map

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What Are They Good For?

• http//www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/Proj
  Tbl/projTbl.html

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Longitude and Latitude

• Lines of longitude and latitude are circles
  around the Earth.

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Latitude

• Equator- The great circle that runs around the
  middle of the Earth.
• All other lines of latitude are smaller circles.
• These lines run from East to West and measure
  North to South.

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Longitude

• All lines of longitude are great circles.
• They run from North to South and measure East to
  West.
• Longitude is measured in degrees from the prime
  meridian, which passes through Greenwich,
  England.
• Each degree of longitude can be further split
  into 60 minutes and again into 60 seconds.

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Scales

• Map scales relate map distance to real world
  distance.

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Orientation

• A compass helps us find our direction.
• The Earth has two sets of poles. Geographic and
  Magnetic poles.

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Orienting the Map
http//www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/pol
icy/army/fm/3-25-26/ch11.htm
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How we make maps

• Cartographers make maps by viewing the land from
  a high elevation point.
• The map is created with the use of a plane table.
• This method of map making dominated until the
  1940s.

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Technology

• Today, map making can be a much faster and more
  accurate process.
• Arial Photography
• Radar
• Satellite Imagery
• We can make maps of the Earth, Moon, and even
  Mars.

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GPS
http//www8.garmin.com/aboutGPS/
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Topographic Maps
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Contour Lines

• The contour lines on a topographic map indicate
  lines of constant elevation.
• Contour lines form loops
• Contour lines never cross.
• Contour lines always have equal increments.
• The contour interval is often indicated on the
  map

mapping_contours_001.pdf
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Contour Lines
http//raider.muc.edu/mcnaugma/Topographic20Maps
/determining_contour_interval.htm
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Slope and Elevation

• The distance between contour lines shows you
  slope.
• When contour lines are jam packed, this indicates
  a steep drop off.
• The slope can be calculated by dividing the
  change in elevation by the distance between two
  points.

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Elevation Profile
http//www.heywhatsthat.com/profiler.html
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Map Activity

• Mapactivity2.doc

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Local Maps

• Maps can be downloaded from USGS
• http//store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/maplocator/(la
  yout6_1_61_50_2uiarea2ctypeareaDetailscarea
  0000000009)/.do