The Second World War,

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CHAPTER 26

• The Second World War,
• 1940 - 1945

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War in Europe

• Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939)
• Germany blitzkriegs Poland in September 1939
• Britain and France declare war on Germany
• Germany invades Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg
• France falls June 22, 1940
• Dunkirk flotilla
• Winston Churchill
• FDR wins third term as president
• Wendell Wilkie

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The End of Neutrality

• Lend-Lease program begins in 1941
• USS Reuben James
• Germany breaks pact, invades Russia, June 1941
• Churchill and FDR sign Atlantic Charter
• Japanese aggression in Pacific escalates
• Gunboat Panay
• Pearl Harbor
• 18 warships, 300 planes, and 2,400 Americans lost
• U.S. suffers early defeats while gearing up for
  war
• Japanese took Guam, Wake Island, and Philippines
• Douglas MacArthur

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The Homefront

• War ends Depression
• Americans go to work in defense industries
• War Production Board
• Revenue Act of 1942
• 17 million new jobs created during war
• Americans were making do now that Were all in
  this together
• Rationing leads to shortages
• Baseball became part of war effort

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Opportunity and Discrimination

• Women and minorities fill traditional mens roles
  and new work roles
• 6 million women took defense jobs
• Rosie the Riveter becomes American icon
• Double-V Campaign is adopted by blacks
• Fair Employment Practices Committee
• Executive Order 8802 bars discrimination in
  federal jobs, but discrimination continues
• Japanese-American internment
• Executive Order 9066
• Hirabayashi v. United States

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Japanese American Relocation
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The Grand Alliance

• Russian army fights virtually alone against
  Germany
• Stalingrad
• Western Allies concentrate on North Africa and
  Italy
• Mussolini killed in April, 1945
• Tehran Conference
• Normandy invasion begins in June 1944
• 3 million men in Operation Overlord
• Omaha Beach
• Paris liberated in August, 1944
• Germans counter-attack in Battle of the Bulge

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The Grand Alliance (cont.d)

• Allies converge on Berlin
• Discovered extermination camps
• 6 million Jews and 4 million others killed
• Dachau and Auschwitz
• War Refuge Board
• Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin Bunker,
  April 20, 1945
• War in Europe ends May 7, 1945

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Allied Military Strategy in North Africa, Italy,
and France
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Allied Advances and the Collapse of German Power
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The Pacific War

• Battle of Coral Sea halts Japanese invasion of
  Australia
• Battle of Midway U.S. forces retake territory
• America remains on offensive for rest of war
• Leapfrogging across Pacific islands
• Guadalcanal secured February 1943
• Retook Gilberts, Marshals, Guam, Tinian, Saipan,
  and Marianas
• Philippines liberated October 1944
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Brutal fighting on Iwo Jima and Okinawa

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Japanese Expansion and Early Battles in the
Pacific
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Pacific Theater Offensive Strategy and Final
Assault Against Japan
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A Change in Leadership

• Roosevelt meets with Churchill and Stalin at
  Yalta
• Plan for post-war Germany
• FDR dies April 12, 1945, of severe stroke, is
  replaced by Harry Truman
• Truman learns of Manhattan Project
• Enola Gay and Bocks Car
• Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Japanese surrendered September 2, 1945 aboard USS
  Missouri

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Discussion Questions

• What were the major events in Europe between 1933
  and 1939 that led to war?
• How did FDR mobilize the U.S. economy to support
  the war effort?
• Examine the Allied strategy for winning the war.
  How was it implemented? What were the major
  problems?
• How did the U.S. and its allies defeat the
  Japanese in the Pacific? How was this war
  different than the war in Europe?