The Cold War Begins

1
The Cold War Begins

• US vs. SU
• Never any hot military combat between countries
  more of a political (cold) stand-off.

2
Differences in US and SU

• United States
• Capitalist democracy under Harry S. Truman
• Free elections
• Freedom of religion
• Private property

• Soviet Union
• Dictatorship under Joseph Stalin
• Communism
• Government made all economic, political and
  military decisions
• No freedom
• No opposition (fear)
• Wanted to make Eastern Europe communists states
  under Stalins controlthe big problem

3
Iron Curtain

• In a speech British Prime Minister Winston
  Churchill referred to the iron curtain in Europe
• East of the Iron Curtain was the Soviet Union
  setting up communists states
• To keep the Western side safe, the US and other
  democracies needed to stand firm
• Truman agreed

4
The Truman Doctrine

• Trumans promise to help aid nations struggling
  against communists movements
• Set a new trend in American foreign policyno
  longer neutrality or isolation
• Used containment in which communism would be
  contained where it already existed

5
Marshall Plan

• Set up to help create economic stability in
  Western Europe so there could be political
  stability as well
• Provided food, fuel and money to jump start
  economic growth
• Helped combat the spread of communism with money
  not bullets

6
A Divided Berlin

• Even though the city of Berlin was in East
  Germany (Soviet occupied) the city was divided
  into East (Soviet) and West Berlin (Allies)
• Stalin cut off traffic to West Berlin
• Berlin Airlift Britain and US airlifted supplies
  to West Berlin for over a year
• Showed how far the US would go to contain
  communism
• Later a wall is constructed to divide East and
  West Berlin called the Berlin Wall

7
Divided Germany and Divided Berlin
8
N.A.T.O vs. Warsaw Pact

• N.A.T.O.
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Non-communists military alliance to contain
  Soviets
• Attack one, attack them all

• Warsaw Pact
• The Soviet Union and other communist states
  formed a military alliance to rival N.A.T.O.
• Pledged to defend one another if one was attacked

9
The Peoples Republic of China

• Mao Zedong was successful in creating a
  Communists China regardless of American attempts
  to prevent it
• Now Communism controlled a large population and
  large land massworried Americans

10
Korean War

• One battleground of the Cold War
• Korea was divided into North (Soviet held) and
  South (US held) Korea at the 38th Parallel
• North Korea crossed into South Korea with
  military forceUS will aid South Korea
• General Douglas MacArthur leads troops in South
  Koreastalemate by 1953
• New President Eisenhower threatened to use
  nuclear weapons which led to cease fire

11
Effects of Korean War

• Nothing changed Korea was still divided, half
  communist and half noncommunist
• Increased military spending
• Use of troops without congressional approval
  becomes a trend for Presidents
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) a
  defensive alliance aimed at preventing the spread
  of communism

12
An Arms Race

• Russia has atomic bombsnow US is not the only
  one
• Nikita Khrushchev comes to power after Stalins
  death
• Hydrogen bomb was being perfected in US and would
  be 1,000 times more powerful than a-bomb
• SU and US start to stockpile powerful nuclear
  weapons that could destroy the other hoping to
  keep the Cold War cold

13
Eisenhower in Office

• Eisenhower Doctrine
• The US would use force to help any Middle Eastern
  nation threatened by communism

• Central Intelligence Agency
• Created in 1947
• Used by Eisenhower to combat communism through
  secret missions

14
The Cold War In Space

• 1957 Soviet Union launched a satellite into
  space called Sputnik
• threatened American superiority so government
  created NASA to conduct space related research
  and experiments

15
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Fidel Castro had set up a communists government
  in Cuba and Soviet Union was building nuclear
  missile sites in Cuba
• Bay of Pigs CIA had developed a plan to invade
  Cuba and overthrow Castro that was unsuccessfully
  executed while Kennedy was in office

16
Geneva Accords

• Gave the Palestinians Jerusalem and would drop
  their claims over Israel (now a Jewish nation)
• Zionist Movement
• A political movement to create the nation of
  Israel as the Jewish homeland growing rapidly
  after the Holocaust
• US recognized the nation of Israel immediately
  after it was established