??????4A

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• ??????4A
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• 9425085A

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???? Key indicators
??? Turkey ??? Spain ??Taiwan
?? Total population 7,520? 4,360? 2,270?
GDP ?????? 6,634? 14,390? 3,833?
GDP per captia ?????????? 9,629lt??gt 32,067lt??gt 16,606lt??gt
GDP (ppp) ??????????? 1.37 2.09 1.06
3.7
2.1
1.9
3.3
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???? Stage of development
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GCI ????
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???????? The most problematic factors for doing
business
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??? Turkey ??? Spain ??Taiwan
1. Inefficient government Bureaucracy ??????? Restrictive labor regulations ??????? Policy instability ?????
2. Tax regulations ???? Access to financing ???? Inefficient government Bureaucracy ???????
3. Policy instability ????? Inefficient government bureaucracy ??????? Inflation ????
4. Access to financing ???? Inadequately educated workforce ???????? Tax regulations ????
5. Tax rates ?? Tax rates ?? Restrictive labor regulations ???????
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07.Labor market efficiency ??????
??? Turkey ??? Spain ??Taiwan
01. 51. Hiring and firing practices ??????? 28. Brain drain ???? 04. Pay and productivity ?????
02. 67. Brain drain ???? 33. Reliance on professional management ??????? 12. Cooperation in labor-employer relations ????????
03. 81. Rigidity of employment ?????? 74. Cooperation in labor-employer relations ???????? 12. Flexibility of wage determination ?????
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05.Higher education and training???????
??? Turkey ??? Spain ??Taiwan
01. 90. Extent of staff training ???????? 78. Quality of math and science education ???????? 33. Quality of management schools ??????
02. 84. Secondary enrollment ????? 63. Extent of staff training ???????? 31.Secondary enrollment ?????
03. 77. Quality of the educational system ?????? 52. Quality of the educational system ?????? 25. Quality of the educational system ??????
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09.Technological readiness ????
??? Turkey ??? Spain ??Taiwan
01. 86. FDI and technology transfer ??????????? 58.FDI and technology transfer ??????????? 28.Laws relating to ICT ??????
02. 80.Personal computers ?????? 57. Firm-level technology absorption ???????? 28. . Mobile telephone subscribers ??????
03. 60. Mobile telephone subscribers ?????? 40. Availability of latest technologies ??????? 22.FDI and technology transfer ???????????
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11.Business sophistication ?????
??? Turkey ??? Spain ??Taiwan
01. 95. Willingness to delegate authority ?????? 40. Willingness to delegate authority ?????? 33. Willingness to delegate authority ??????
02. 91. Nature of competitive advantage ???? 37. State of cluster development ???? 33. Extent of marketing ???????
03. 70. Extent of marketing ??????? 28. Production process sophistication ??????? 25. Local supplier quantity ???????
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03. Macroeconomic stability ???????
???Spain ??? Turkey ??Taiwan
01. 32. Government surplus/deficit ???????? 55.Interest rate spread ???? 11. Interest rate spread ????
02. 44.Inflation ?? 71.National savings rate ????? 17. Inflation ??
03. 72.National savings rate ????? 75. Government surplus/deficit ???????? 31.National savings rate ?????
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04.Health and primary education???????
??? Spain ??? Turkey ??Taiwan
01. 01.Malaria incidence ????? 01.HIV prevalence ?????? 09. Primary enrollment?????
02. 04.Primary enrollment ????? 37. Business impact of HIV/AIDS ????????? 25. Infant mortality ?????
03. 05. Life expectancy ???? 48. Tuberculosis incidence ?????? 26. Quality of primary education ??????
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12.Innovation ??
??? Spain ??? Turkey ??Taiwan
01. 55. Govt procurement of advanced tech products ???????? 105. Govt procurement of advanced tech products ???????? 21. Quality of scientific research institutions ????????
02. 55. Quality of scientific research institutions ???????? 66. Utility patents ????? 16. Capacity for innovation ????
03. 46. University-industry research collaboration ???? 59. Availability of scientists and engineers ???? 16. Company spending on RD ??????
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