Chapter 3, Section 2

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Chapter 3,Section 2

• Hinduism and Buddhism Develop

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Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries

• Hinduism
• Collection of religious beliefs that developed
  slowly over time
• No one founder with a single set of ideas

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The Vedas

• 1200 BCE-600 BCE
• Written in Sanskrit
• Hindu core of beliefs
• Hymns poems
• Religious prayers
• Magical spells
• Lists of the gods
• Rig Veda oldest work

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• Origins and Beliefs
• 750-500 BC, Hindu teachers create
  Upanishads-texts of teachings
• Each person has atman-soul united with all others
  in Brahman
• In reincarnation, people reborn to new lives
• A souls good and bad deeds, karma, determines
  course of new life

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• Hinduism Changes and Develops
• Over last 2,500 years different forms of god grow
  in importance
• Today, Hindus choose own path to moksha-a state
  of perfect understanding
• Hinduism and Society
• Hinduism strengthened the caste system

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Caste System

• Who is
• The mouth?
• The arms?
• The legs?
• The feet?

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• New Religions Arise
• Jainism, a new religion, arises in 500s BC
• Jains will not harm any creature
• They work in trade, commerce practice religious
  tolerance

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The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment

• Siddhartha Gautama
• Founder of Buddhism priests prophesized his
  greatness

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• Siddhartha's Quest
• Raised in isolation, Siddhartha Gautama wants to
  learn about world
• Seeks enlightenment (wisdom), how to escape human
  suffering
• Tries many methods gains enlightenment by
  meditating
• Becomes the Buddha, the enlightened one

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• Origins and Beliefs
• Buddha begins to teach followers
• Preaches Four Noble Truths-basic philosophy of
  Buddhism
• Fourth Noble Truth is to follow the Eightfold
  Path to achieve nirvana
• Nirvana
• A perfect state of understanding
• A release from selfishness and pain
• A break from the chain of reincarnations,
  rebirths
• Buddha rejects caste system and multiple gods of
  Hinduism

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• The Religious Community
• Some followers devote lives to religion, become
  monks and nuns
• Three bases of Buddhism
• Buddha
• religious community
• teachings

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• Buddhism and Society
• Many followers at first among poor and lower
  caste
• Monks and nuns spread Buddhas teachings
• Teachings written to become sacred literature

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• Buddhism in India
• Spreads to other parts of Asia
• Never gains firm hold in India Hinduism remains
  strong
• Buddhist pilgrims often visit India

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• Trade and the Spread of Buddhism
• Buddhism spreads by traders to
• Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Sumatra
• China, Korea, Japan

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Buddhas Life

• Buddha practices what he preached
• Only owned simple robe, walking stick, and wooden
  bowl
• Always slept outside and walked everywhere he
  went
• Presented his creed in a simple language
• Treated all persons equally
• Many people attracted to him as a result
• Millions of converts across Asia

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Spread of Buddhism

• Convents and Monasteries The Buddha had many
  followers, both men and women. He did not
  discriminate based on gender.
• Death of the Buddha He died of food poisoning at
  the home of a friend.
• Scriptures His teachings were collected in the
  Tripitika, or three baskets of wisdom.

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Buddhist Traditions

• Buddhism ultimately split into 2 traditions
• Theravada (Little Vehicle)
• Do not view Buddha as a god, was just a great man
• Strict practice and dediction
• Mahayana (Big Vehicle)
• Largest of the two
• Buddha was human incarnation of Brahma Buddha
  was a god
• Led to worship of Buddha, creation of idols,
  elaborate rituals, and temples
• Vow not to reach Nirvana, instead stay to help
  others reach Nirvana first

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Stupa

• Shrine that houses Buddhist relics

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