Chapter Two Geology

1
Chapter Two Geology

• 3.5.7.A Describe the Processes that Change the
  Earth Describe the Features and Structure of the
  Earth Describe the Layers of the Earth

2
Chapter Outline

• I. Rocks and Minerals
• A. Minerals
• How Some Minerals Form
• Q
• Some Mineral Properties
• Q
• How We Use Minerals
• Q
• B. Type of Rocks

3
Vocabulary Preview

• Mineral
• Streak
• Hardness
• Luster
• Rock

• Igneous rock
• Metamorphic rock
• Sedimentary rock
• Rock cycle

4
Lesson One Vocabulary

• Mineral a solid material with particles
  arranged in a repeating pattern
• Streak the color of the powder left behind when
  you rub a mineral against a white tile
• Luster the way the surface of the mineral
  reflects light
• Hardness a minerals ability to resist being
  scratched.

5
Mohs Hardness Scale

• Lists minerals that have hardnesses from 1 10.
  A higher number can scratch a lower number.

1. Talc 2. Gypsum --fingernail at 2.5 3.
Calcite --copper (old penny) at 3.5 4.
Fluorite 5. Apatite --window glass or typical
knife blade at under 5.5 6. Orthoclase
--streak plate or good steel file at over 6.5
7. Quartz 8. Topaz 9. Corundum 10. Diamond
6
Lesson Two Vocabulary

• Rock a material made up of one or more minerals
• Igneous Rock rocks that form when melted rock
  hardens
• Sedimentary Rock rocks that form when layers of
  sediment are squeezed and stuck together over a
  long period of time
• Metamorphic Rock Rocks formed when high heat
  and pressure change the rock

7
Igneous Rocks

• Formed from molten material including volcanic
  lava, ash, or bombs as well as magma below
  Earths surface

• Types of Igneous rocks
• Basalt
• Gabbro
• Pumice
• Obsidian
• Granite

8
Sedimentary Rocks

• Made of layers that have been pressed or cemented
  together
• Pebbles, sand, silt, or clay are sediments
• Shells and bones can also be sediments

• Types of Sedimentary Rocks
• Conglomerate
• Siltstone
• Limestone
• Sandstone
• Shale
• Coal

9
Metamorphic Rock

• Rocks that are changed by intense heat and
  pressure while inside Earths surface
• Igneous, sedimentary, and even metamorphic rocks
  can be changed into different metamorphic rocks

• Types of Metamorphic Rocks
• Schist
• Gneiss
• Marble
• Slate
• Quartzite

10
Lesson Three Vocabulary

• The Rock Cycle is a never-ending process of rocks
  forming, weathering, and changing into other
  rocks

11
Rock Cycle