The%20Middle%20Ages%20in%20Western%20Europe

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The Middle Ages in Western Europe

• 500-1500

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Early Middle Ages (500-1000)

• Europe fragmented into various Germanic kingdoms
  after Romes collapse in 5th c.
• Spain, S. Italy, and Sicily were all conquered by
  Muslims by 8th c.
• Feudal system developed

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High Middle Ages (1000-1300)

• The Crusades
• Muslim Turks controlled Christian shrines in
  M. E. by 1000
• Pope urged Christian knights to liberate the
  Holy Land
• Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099

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• Saladin recaptured Jerusalem during 3rd Crusade
• Muslims had recaptured all of the Holy Land by
  1291

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Impact of the Crusades

• Benefited the European economy, especially N.
  Italy
• Europeans gained new technologies from the Muslim
  world
• Europe started to emerge from the isolation of
  the Middle Ages

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The Late Middle Ages (1300-1450)

• The Black Death
• Killed 1/3 of Europes population
• Impact
• -Decline of Feudalism
• -Peasant Revolts
• -Improved peasant conditions
• post-Plague

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The Great Western Schism

• Resulted from the election of two competing popes
  
• Europe took sides
• Eventually resolved, but popes lost power to
  kings
• Weakened the Church as an institution

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The Hundred Years War

• Began with a dispute over French throne
• England won important early victories (longbow,
  gunpowder)
• English were expelled from most of France by 1453

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Impacts?

• Nobility decimated
• Kings centralized power
• Feudal decline accelerated
• Growth of nationalism