English 11 Literary Terms

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English 11 Literary Terms

• ArchetypesType

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Hero/Heroine

• The chief character in a work of literature.

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Trickster
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Faithful Companion
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Outsider/Outcast
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Rugged Individualist
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Innocent
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Villain
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Caretaker
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Earth Mother
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Rebel
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Misfit
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English 11 Literary Terms

• Dramatic Conventions

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Stage Directions

• Written notes within plays which explain
  movements, gestures, and appearance of actors or
  actresses in a play

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Soliloquy

• A character speaks directly to the audience
  (thinking aloud about motives, feelings, and
  decisions)

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Monologue

• A single person speaking, with or without an
  audience

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Aside

• A character speaks in such a way that some of the
  characters on stage do not hear what is said
  (while others do)

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Verbal Irony

• When someone states one thing and means another

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Situational Irony

• Contrast between what is expected to happen and
  what actually does happen
• Ex. Someone who is loved commits suicide

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Dramatic Irony

• When readers know more about the situation than
  the characters do

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Catharsis

• Explains the effects of tragic drama on an
  audience

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English 11 Literary Terms Cont.
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Caricature

• A grotesque or foolish image of a character,
  achieved through the exaggeration of personality
  traits

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Foil

• A minor character introduced in order to
  represent the abilities of a more significant
  character
• (Ex.Millhouse serves as a foil to Bart Simpson.)

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Tragedy

• Traces the career and downfall of an individual

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Voice

• Clarifies the persona of the narrative

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Figurative Literal Language

• Figurative Language-an exaggeration
• Literal Language-literally true

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Imagery

• All of the words which refer to the objects or
  qualities which appeal to the senses and feelings

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Apostrophe

• A rhetorical (not requiring a response) term for
  a speech addresses to someone or something in the
  beginning of a poem or essay
• Clue When your parents ask, Who do you think
  you are? You are not supposed to respond.

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Metonymy

• The substitution of the name of a thing by the
  name of an attribute of it,
• (Ex.the crown monarchy)

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Synecdoche

• A part is used to describe the whole.
• Ex all hands on decksailors
• All aboardboarding a train

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Language English 11 Literary Terms Devices
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Rhetorical Question

• Not requiring a response

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Tone

• The manner or mood of a passage

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Diction

• Choice of words in a piece of work the kind of
  vocabulary that is used

i.e. Shakespearean language in a Shakespeare
play Slang is used in an Eminem movie
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Dialect

• The style and manner of speaking from one
  particular area
• (Ex.New Yorkers are from New Yark)

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Sarcasm

• An ironical statement intended to hurt or insult
• (ex. Brilliant, stated to a student who is
  clearly wrong.)

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Elevated Language/Style
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Satire

• Literature which represents something in a
  comical sense, making it appear ridiculous

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Parallelism

• The building up of sentence or statement using
  repeated syntactic units (repeated words and
  sounds)

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Colloquialism/Vernacular

• The use of the kinds of expression and grammar
  associated with ordinary, everyday speech rather
  than formal language

Ex. Cool, Phat!
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Connotation/Denotation

• Connotation-emotional response evoked by a word
• Ex. Kittensoft, warm, cuddly
• Denotation-literal meaning
• Ex. Kittenyoung cat

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Pun

• The use of a word in a way that plays on its
  different meanings.
• Ex. The hungry gorilla went ape.

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Irony

• Contrast between appearance and actuality

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Stream of Consciousness

• Present the flow of a characters seemingly
  unconnected thoughts, responses, and sensations.

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English 11 Literary Terms

• Literary Forms

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Gothic

• Grotesque characters, bizarre situations, and
  violent events

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Historical Fiction

• Fiction that is loosely based on some historical
  period

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Proverb

• Short popular saying embodying a general truth
• Ex. Look before you leap

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Aphorism

• A generally accepted principle or truth expressed
  in a short, witty manner
• Ex. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

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Epigram

• Originally an inscription on a monumentnow used
  to describe a witty saying or poem with a sharp,
  satiric, or amusing ending
• Ex In God We Trust

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Tall Tale

• Humorous story characterized by exaggeration
• Ex Jack and the Beanstalk

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English 11 Literary Terms

• Poetry

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Rhyme

• Similarity of sound between two words

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Meter

• The repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a
  line of poetry.

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Foot

• One stressed syllable indicated by a
• Two stressed syllables indicated by a

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Iamb

• An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
  syllable

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Pentameter

• Five feet

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Stress

• The accent is on a specific part of the word

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Masculine Rhyme

• The accent is on a specific part of the word, and
  stressed in a deep voice.

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Blank Verse

• A poem written in blank verse consists of
  unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.

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Free Verse

• Poetry that does not have regular patterns of
  rhyme and meter

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Scansion

• The process of determining meter when you scan a
  line of poetry, you mark its stressed and
  unstressed syllables to identify the rhythm

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Inversion

• Departure from normal word order, common in
  poetry

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Alliteration
A sequence of repeated consonantal sounds in a
stretch of language Example Some late visitor
entreating entrance at my chamber door. (from
The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe)
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Allusion

• A passing reference in a work of literature to
  something outside itself.
• Example Speak to my gossip VENUS one fair word.

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Assonance

• The correspondence, or near-correspondence, in
  two words of the stressed vowel, and sometimes
  those which follow, but not of the consonants
  (unlike rhyme).
• Example Can and fat food and droop
• Child and silence nation and traitor

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Ballad

• A poem or song which tells a story in simple,
  colloquial language.
• Example O What is That Sound by W. H. Auden

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Feminine Rhyme

• A rhyme in which two differing sounds in two
  words are followed by stressed rhyming syllables
  and unstressed rhyming syllables
• Example revival, survival, arrival

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End Rhyme

• Poetry that rhymes at the end of the line

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Internal Rhyme

• Poetry that rhymes in the middle of the line

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Slant Rhyme

• Words that sounds similar with a hint of a rhyme
  (inexact rhyme)
• Example

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Refrain
Repeating a Stanza Example Nevermore from
The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
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Repetition

• Repeating of words or sounds in poetry
• Example May the warp be/May the weft be/May
  the border be (from the Song of the Sky Loom,
  a Navajo song)

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Hyperbole
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