Bell Quiz (Pgs. 578

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Bell Quiz (Pgs. 578 583)

1. Who was used in the pacific as radio operators
   and spoke a code that the Japanese could never
   break?
2. What was the importance of the American victory
   at the Battle of the Coral Sea?
3. What battle in the Pacific was the turning point
   in the war?
4. How many Japanese troops and U.S. troops died in
   the Battle for Iwo Jima?
5. After the Battle For Okinawa how many American
   lives did Churchill predict would be lost in an
   allied invasion of Japan?

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Answers

• 1. Navajo Indians code talkers
• 2. The U.S. saved Australia from being taken
  over first U.S. victory against Japan.
• 3. The Battle of Midway.
• 4. Japanese troops20,500.
• U.S. troops6,000
• 5. 1 million American lives

3
Objectives

• Identify key turning points in the war in the
  Pacific.
• Describe the Allied offensive against the
  Japanese.

4
Japanese Acquisition

• 6 months after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had
  conquered an empire larger than the Third Reich.
• The Japanese had control of Hong Kong, French
  Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, and much of
  China.
• They also conquered many islands in the pacific.
• The Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Island, and the
  Solomon Islands.

5
Philippines

• The Japanese invaded the Philippines on December
  8, 1941 with their air attack on Clark Air Base.
• American and Filipino troops battled the Japanese
  for several months for control of the islands
  before losing.
• General Douglas MacArthur was the commander of
  the Allied forces on the islands.
• On March 11, 1942 President Roosevelt ordered
  MacArthur to leave the Islands. MacArthur
  escapes and leaves the troops to be captured.
• MacArthur utters the infamous words, I shall
  return!

6
Bataan Death March

• The Bataan Death March was the forcible 60 mile
  transfer of 90,000 to 100,000 American and
  Filipino prisoners of war on foot by the Japanese
  army.
• Prisoners were abused and murdered -Beheadings,
  cut throats and casual shootings were the more
  common and merciful actions compared to bayonet
  stabbings, rapes, disembowelments, numerous rifle
  butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow
  the prisoners food or water.
• The march lasted for nearly a week with
  temperatures nearing 100 degrees.

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Bataan Death March
8
Bataan Death March

• 18,000 POWs died on the March to Camp ODonnell.
  
• Men were weak and dying from dysentery at the
  camp at an alarming rate.
• Eventually the healthy prisoners were
  transferred to camps outside of the Philippines.

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Bataan Death March

• This process began with American prisoners moving
  from Camp ODonnell to Cabanatuan-a prison camp
  in the northeast part of the island.
• Many of these American prisoners then were sent
  from Cabanatuan to prison camps in Japan, Korea,
  and Manchuria working as slave labor.
• All prisoners were released at the end of the
  war.

10
Bataan Death March

• The 512 prisoners-of-war who still remained at
  the Cabanatuan Prison Camp as of January 1945
  were freed during an attack on the camp led by
  United States Army Rangers later known as the
  Raid at Cabanatuan.
• All 512 prisoners were rescued. Only 3 rangers
  were killed.

11
Bombing of Tokyo

• By spring of 1942, the allies began to turn the
  tide against the Japanese.
• On April 18th the U.S. began a bombing raid on
  Tokyo and other Japanese cities.
• Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led the attack
  with 16 bombers.

12
Battle of Midway

• Midway is an island which lies northwest of
  Hawaii.
• The island was of strategic importance to both
  the U.S. and Japan.
• American code breakers were able to determine the
  date and location of the attack, enabling the
  forewarned U.S. Navy to set up an ambush of its
  own.
• The Allies successfully defended Midway.
• During the Battle of Midway the Japanese lost
  four aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250
  planes.
• The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the
  Pacific War inflicting irreparable damage to the
  Japanese carrier fleet.

13
Island Hopping

• Leapfrogging or Island Hopping was a military
  strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific
  War against Japan. It involved attacking some
  islands but not others, effectively strangling
  the unattacked islands by not allowing them to be
  resupplied.
• This saved time, men, and supplies.
• General Douglas MacArthur greatly supported this
  island hopping" strategy in his effort to regain
  the Philippines.

14
Battles in the Pacific

• The first Allied offensive began in August 1942.
• 19,000 troops stormed Guadalcanal in the Solomon
  Islands.
• Guadalcanal marked Japans first defeat on land.
• In October 1944, the Allies defeated the Japanese
  at the Battle of Leyte Gulf (Philippines).
• 178,000 Allied troops and 738 ships retook the
  Philippines.
• The Battle of Leyte Gulf was a disaster for
  Japan.
• They lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13
  cruisers, and almost 500 planes.
• General MacArthur wades ashore announcing People
  of the Philippines I have returned.

15
Kamikaze

• The Japanese threw their entire fleet into the
  Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• They tested a new war tactic kamikaze attacks.
• Pilots crashed their planes loaded bombs into
  Allied ships.
• The Japanese launched 424 kamikaze pilots during
  the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• They sank 16 ships and damaged 80 others.

16
Iwo Jima

• The Island of Iwo Jima was critical to the U.S.
  as a base.
• From Iwo Jima the Allies could launch bombing
  raids against Japan.
• Almost 21,000 Japanese troops were ready to
  defend the island rooted in tunnels and caves.
• More than 6,000 marines died taking this island.
• Only 200 Japanese survived the invasion.
• The only obstacle between the Allies and a final
  assault on Japan was the island of Okinawa.

17
Battle of Okinawa

• April 1945, U.S. Marines invaded Okinawa.
• Fighting on Okinawa lasted until June 21, 1945.
• The Japanese unleashed 1,900 kamikaze attacks on
  the U.S., sinking 30 ships, damaging 300 more,
  and killing 5,000.
• 7,500 American lost their lives.
• 110,000 Japanese died.
• The lose of life at Iwo Jima and Okinawa left the
  Allies searching for a new plan of invasion for
  the island of Japan.

18
Navajo Code Talkers

• The Navajo Code Talkers, whose ranks exceed 400
  during the course of World War II in the Pacific
  Theater, have been credited with saving countless
  lives and hastening the end of the war. The Code
  Talker's served in all six Marine divisions from
  1942 to 1945.
• The Code Talker's primary job was to talk and
  transmit information on tactics, troop movements,
  orders and other vital battlefield information
  via telegraphs and radios in their native
  dialect. 
• A major advantage of the code talker system was
  its speed. The method of using Morse code often
  took hours where as, the Navajos handled a
  message in minutes.   It has been said that if
  was not for the Navajo Code Talker's, the Marines
  would have never taken Iwo Jima.    
• The Navajo's unwritten language was understood by
  fewer than 30 non-Navajo's at the time of WWII. 
  The size and complexity of the language made the
  code extremely difficult to comprehend, much less
  decipher. 
• The Navajo code talkers finally received national
  recognition in 1969.