Clinical Laboratory

1
Clinical Laboratory

• David L. Smith - CLES
• 35 years experience in electronics
• Service Rep for various laboratory
  instrumentation MFGs
• Currently working at National Jewish Health the
  mecca of vintage laboratory equipment and cutting
  edge lab technology.

2
Lab

• Departments in a Lab (varies widely dependent on
  size of laboratory and specialties)
• Anatomic Pathology
• Histology (study of solid tissues) microscopes,
  microtones, tissue processors, slide strainers,
• Cytology (study of cell smears) microscopes,
  tissue processors,
• Surgical Pathology (study of surgical tissue
  samples) cryostats, microscopes

3
Lab

• Microbiology
• Bacteriology (study of bacteria)
• Virology (study of viruses)
• Phraseology (study of parasites)
• Mycology (study of fungi)
• Immunology (study of immune system)
• Parasitology (study of parasites)
• all use microscopes, incubators, water baths,
  specialty analyzers.

4
Lab

• Biochemistry
• Clinical Chemistry (study of body fluid
  chemistry)
• Toxicology (study of toxic chemicals)(recreational
  drugs, heavy metals)
• Immunology/Serology (study of antigen and
  antibodies)
• Urinalysis (study of urine) analyzers,
  spectrophotometers

5
Lab

• Hematology
• Hematology (study of blood cells) cell counters,
  microscopes, slide strainers, analyzers.
• Coagulation (study of clotting) Coagulation
  timers, clotting factor analyzers.
• Transfusion Medicine (study of blood types)
  microscopes

6
Lab

• Molecular Diagnostics/Genetics
• Cryogenics (study of karyotype, Chromosomes), PCR
  (DNA Xerox machine), electrophoresis devices (DNS
  ladders)
• Acquisition (specialized equipment sweat
  tester)
• Phlebotomy (blood draw)
• Specimen Management (laboratory information
  system)

7
Lab

• Equipment
• Centrifuges (wide varieties) sample prep
•  Shakers, rocker, rollers, mixers (wide
  varieties) sample prep
•  Incubators (human cell, bacteria, fungus,
  parasite) - aerobic
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  (with O2)/anaerobic (without
  O2)
• Water Baths (Sample prep, reagent prep)
• Analyzers
• Slide Processors Warmers
• Chromatography (separation of color)
• Ph Meters (ionic analyzers) forms a battery (can
  be ion specific)
• Refract meters (Light bouncing of surfaces)

8
Lab

• Equipment  
• Spectrophotometers (effect on light wavelength
  when passing threw or bouncing off sample) lamp,
  monochromator, (light splitter - prism or grating
  mirror),light detector photo diode.
•  Osmomometer (effect on freezing and boiling
  point)
• Particle Counters, (radioactive materials)
  Liquid Scintillation, gamma beta
• Microscopes Compound using bright field,
  Inverted Stage, Stereo (dissecting), Electron
  dark field, Fluorescence, Digital, etc.
• Flamephotometers (change in flame when chemical
  is burned) obsoulete, replaced with ISE Ion
  Selective electrodes.
• Atomic Absorption /Mass Spectrophotometers