China Geography

1
China Geography

• Huge Area- 3rd largest in world
• Physical Barriers- Gobi Desert (3rd largest),
  Mongolian and Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya Mtns.,
  and rain forests in the south.

2
China Geography

• Physical Barriers
• Gobi Desert
• Himalaya Mts.
• Mongolian and Tibeyian Plateaus
• 1.3 billion people
• 3.7 million sq. miles
• Most are crowded into eastern 1/3 of the country

• Six Major Regions
• North China
• South China
• Northeast China
• Mongolia
• Xizang
• Xinjiang

3
China Geography

• Population- 1.3 billion
• Mountains and plateaus cover 80 of the land
• 20 is level
• Regions- North, South (Heartland), Northeast
  (Mongolia), Mongolia, Xinjiang, Xizang.

4
Gobi Desert
5
Himalayla Mountains
6
Tibetian Plateau
7
Rainforests of the World
8
China Geography

• Rivers-
• 1.Huang He (Yellow) River of Sorrow because it
  floods oftenNorthern region
• Carries loessenriches the land
• 2.Chang (Yangzi)- Carries trade, Shanghai _at_
  mouth
• Some hydro from 3 dams. Three Gorges most
  controversial. Will cause environmental problems
  Displace 1mm people

9
China Geography

• Xi Jiang (West River)- South RegionTrade to
  Canton. Millions live in deltagreat farming
• 95 of people are ethnic Chinese
• Mandarin is the official language

10
Huang River (Yellow)
11
Chang River
12
Chang River/ Three Gorges dam
13
Xi Jiang River
14
China Geography

• Most live in the eastern 1/3 of the country
• North- Wheat and Mullet
• South- Milder- rice, cotton, tea, vegetables.
• Other regions rich in natural resources

15
Chinese History

• The Great Wall- Shi Huangdi- First Emperor- Zhou
  dynasty
• Han Dynasty- Civil Service System
• Tang and Song Dynasty- The Golden Age of China
• Mongol Invasion- Genghiz and Kublai Khan-1279

16
Great Wall China
17
Chinese History

• Shang dynasty- 1650 B.C.-1027B.C.- Irrigation,
  language, religion
• Zang Dynasty- 1027 B.C.-
• Mandate of Heaven
• Dynastic Cycle

18
Chinese History

• Three Schools of Thought-
• Confucius- 5 relationships, set examples, respect
  parents and elders.
• Daoism- Natural Way. Link between people and
  natureAdvances in science, astronomy, magnetic
  compass, chemistry and biology.
• Legalism- People act out of self interest. People
  respond to rewards and punishments. Buddhism soon
  follows. One the few foreign interests to have a
  significant impact on Chinses life

19
Chinese History

• Buddhism arrives in 1st century AD
• Promised salvation for those who lived moral
  lives and punishment for the wicked
• From India
• Spread to Korea, Japan and Vietnam

20
Chinese History

• European Imperialism
• -Silk Road-Marco Polo
• -Opium War- British / Chinese- Unfair treaty
• -Spheres of Influence- Russia, Japan, Britain,
  France, German.
• -Extraterritoriality
• -Open Door Policy- U.S.

21
Silk Road
22
Revolution and Democracy

• Qing Dynasty begins a slow decline
• 1900- Fists of Righteous Harmony (Boxers) begin
  rebellion against foreigners. Intl army easily
  defeats them.
• 1911- China declares itself a republic. Dr. Sun
  Yatsen sets up three goals for China.

23
Chinese History

• Unified China- nationalismend all foreign
  involvement in China
• Democracy and representative government
• Ensure a decent living for all Chinese citizens

24
Dr. Sun Yatsen
25
Chinese History

• Chiang Kai-shek assumes control and consolidates
  power- Nationalists
• 1921 Chinese Communist Party forms and allies
  with Chaing and fight to expel foreigners and
  warlords
• 1927 Chaing turns on CCP and chases them for 2
  years

26
Chaing Kaishek
27
Chinese History

• CCP ends up in mountains to the south.
• Mao Zedong emerges as CCP leader.
• 1934- Mao leads CCP northwest some 6,000 miles to
  escape new attacks by Chaing. Known as The Long
  March

28
Mao Zedong
29
Chinese History

• WW2 cause a pause in the fight between
  nationalists and CCP
• When Japan is defeated, Mao and communists seize
  power and force the nationalists to Taiwan1949
• Mao uses propaganda to restructure farms (Great
  Leap Forward), education, commerce

30
Chinese HistoryMaos Mistakes

• Farming Communes-20,000 people and several
  villages. Men and women separatedMaos way of
  mobilizing population to increase farm yields.
• Peasants revolted from family breakups and
  destroy crops

31
Chinese History

• Cultural Revolution- Mao attempt to root out and
  destroy capitalism.
• Maos Red Guards using The Little Red Book abused
  teachers, factory managers, and even other
  communists to confess to crimes they did not
  commit.

32
Chinese History

• Colossal failure among all classes of people.
• Caused chaos everywhere in the country
• 1969- Chinese army restores order and Cultural
  Revolution ends

33
Chinese History

• Mao dies in 1976- Successor Deng Xiaoping reforms
  economy and allows market system/capitalism to
  develop and expand
• While commerce and foreign investment are allowed
  to grow, political freedoms are not- Tiananmen
  Square Demonstration

34
Chinese History

• Deng announces 4 Modernizations
• Modernizing Agriculture
• Expanding Industry
• Developing science and technology
• Upgrading Chinese defense forces
• New Responsibility System introduced for peasants
  

35
Deng Xioping
36
Chinese History

• Peasants are responsible for making their own
  livingGiven plot of land- Must sell a portion of
  crop to govt for a set price. The rest they can
  keep for food or to make a profit.

37
Chinese History

• Deng and then his successor Jiang Zemin moved
  industry from a heavy mode (steel and mining) to
  lighter consumer oriented goods. Factories were
  also allowed to decide what to produce, but were
  held accountable to make a profit.
• Private entrepreneurs allowed operate their own
  businesses

38
Chinese History

• Deng opens up country to trade-ends Maos
  isolationalists policies
• Rapid economic growth occurs

39
Chinese Social Structure

• Confucian ideals regarding family, respect for
  others, duty, and harmony are replaced by the CCP
  with loyal and service to the state.
• Faith in the young
• Education and day-care
• Some traditions such as family are still strong

40
Chinese Social Structure

• Pre-arranged marriages outlawed but family and
  peer influence still strong
• Family size regulated- Delay marriage, one child
  per family, compensation for adhering to rules,
  punishments include substandard housing and less
  food

41
Chinese Social Structure

• An ignorant woman is virtuous
• Education is stressed helps pass along the CCP
  philosophy
• Numerous human right issues the court system and
  harsh punishments for simple crimes

42
Chinese Economy

• Currently 3rd-Among the fastest growing in the
  worldDoubles every 5 years.
• Totally market driven capitalism.
• Contrary to Govt system of communist
  dictatorship
• Owns about 20 of the American debt

43
Chinese Social Structure

• Literature and the Arts-
• Serious Comic Books (propaganda)- Lei Feng
• Porcelain
• Landscape painting
• Peasant Painting
• Film---Crouching Tiger.. Lei Beng

44
Chinese Economy

• U.S. is the biggest customer of China
• Recently won Most Favored Nation status from
  WTO
• Hosted 2008 Winter Olympics
• Urbanization is big issue along with foreign
  investment

45
Chinese Economy

• Greatest need is energy in the form of oil, coal,
  natural gas etc. They have sought to control
  developing nations who possess these resources.
  (Nigeria, Venezuela, Iran)
• Want to control Asia-Pacific trade routes with
  large army and navy

46
Chinese Government

• Communist Dictatorship controlled by a central
  ruling committee with some 16-20 members
• Autocratic control of the army is key to
  dictatorships survival
• Propaganda is widely used
• Censorship is routinely practicedGoogle

47
Chinese Government

• Government encourages foreign investmentRequires
  local mgmt. within 5 years.
• Have made up with the Japanese and Vietnamese
  after years of fighting
• Secured Hong Kong from the British and now want
  Taiwan back.

48
Critical Questions

• Can the CCP control a population where the wealth
  is spread unequally among the social classes?
• Will the new middle class be satisfied with with
  just economic freedom?

49
Critical Questions

• Can the Chinese keep labor costs down which makes
  them attractive to foreign investment?
• Will foreign investors remain as interested in a
  marketplace where only a small percentage of
  citizens can realistically participate?

50
Chinese Critical Questions

• Does their military build up have a long term
  unfriendly objective?
• What do they hope to accomplish with their
  aggressive space program?