1206-1265 Genghis Khan (Temujin)

1
Mongols before empire- nomadic, headed by khan,
tribute system, 1100s- Mongolia dries up, Mongols
need new lands.
1206-1265 Genghis Khan (Temujin) -conquered all
North China, threaten Song -Mongol realms united
until his death Khubilai declares self Great
Khan, others disagree, split
Il-Khan- Hulegu -1260s control Azerbaijan,
Mesopotamia, Iran -Mongols murdered last Abbasid
caliph, Muslim and Mongol relations tense -Euros
attempt alliance to drive Muslims out of Syria,
Lebanon, Palestine, Euro help Ilkhan drive GH
out of Caucasus but -1295- Ghazan khan converts
to Islam, alliance doesn't work out -goal Taxes!
Use tax farming -Over taxationgthigher grain
pricegt smaller tax basegt econ crisis 1295, paper
fails -GH attacks and dismembers it
Golden Horde- Batu -1260s Russia -Batus
successor converts to Islam, want avenge last
caliph, Ilkan vs Golden -deafeat Kievan Rus,
make cap Volga -ruled Russia from afar -goal
Taxes! -Prince Alexander of Novgorod assist them,
Novgorod and Moscow favored, become
important -Mongols bad for Russia or princes that
overtax already bring down? -1480 Ivan III end
Mongol rule, become tsar(czar)
Yuan- Khubilai -1271 founded, cap BeiJing -unify
Tanggut, Jurchens, Song, preserve Chinese
gov -force Viet Annam and Champa to pay
tribute -tax farming, use Western Asian Muslim
officials, Confucians weak, doctors merchants
status goes up -China population goes down by
40, war, Yellow R floods, disease -1368 Zhu
Yuan Zhang end it, make Ming
Jagadai- Timur/Tamerlane -14th century Ilkhan
and GH decline, Jagadai formed -Central and
Western Eurasia -rule Middle East for a while
1500s- Babur of the Timurs founds Mughal in India
Effects -did not try to change the culture of
their conquered people -Silk Road!!! open
overland trade, bring unprecedented transfer of
culture, religions, ideas, and -disease, ex
Bubonic Plague -made strides in astronomy,
calendars, further Indian numeric system, develop
more accurate pi,
Why -superior horsemanship -better bows -volley
then charge technique -ability to learn and adopt
new military techniques -usage of non Mongols in
army -rep for slaughtering all who dont
surrender -take advantage of enemy rivalries
2
Japan

• Early 19th still Tokugawa
• 1853 American Perry goes to Jap with warships,
  demand Japs open trade, people disagree what to
  do, civil war
• 1868 Shogunate overthrown, new rulers the Meiji
  oligarchs
• Meijis willing to change to become industrial
  and military power. Sent students to West
• 1890s want expand sphere of influence and
  compete with Euro,
• 1894 defeat China in Sino Jap War
• 1905 defeat Russia in Russo-Jap War, get
  Manchuria
• 1920 annex Korea, Jap now an imperial power
• 7/1941 France let Jap occupy Indochina, US and
  Brits stop exporting to Japs
• 12/7/41 Japs, desperate for materials, join
  WWII(Axis), bomb Pearl Harbor and occupy SE Asia
  and Dutch East Indies
• 6/1942 Battle of Midway, US destroy 4 of 6 Jap
  carriers, turning point, Jap certain to lose
• 8/1945 US drop A bombs on Hiroshima and
  Nagasaki, Jap emperor surrenders
• Now Jap huge economic power, problem with very
  low birthrates, too many old people, not enough
  young

• 4th/5th Cent small states unified by Korean
  warriors- Yamamoto ruling family
• mid 7th model gov on Tang China but adapt to own
  needs, ex Shinto native religion survives with
  incoming Buddhism
• 592 Siuko empress
• 604 constitution written, influential for
  centuries
• Heian 794-1185 Fujiwara clan, civil officials,
  none above warriors
• Late 1000s warrior clan Kamakura Shogunate
• 1274 unsuccessful Mongol invasion help Jap
  centralize and militarize
• 1281 2nd mongol invasion fails due to Japans
  readiness and a kamikaze
• 1338 Kamakura replaced by Ashikaga Shogunate
  after civil war, Ashi weak shogun, strong lords,
  Zen Buddhism
• 1477 Onin War, no power in shogun, lords fight
  eachother, trade with Asia
• 1500s Hideyoshi invades Korea
• Late 1500s Jesuits come, lower class converts,
  Japs suspicious of Euro intent, ban Christianity
  and then
• 1600 Tokugawa Shogunate, still decentralized but
  stimulated commerce
• 1649 close country
• 1702 47 Ronin, law vs tradition, law wins

During this time in the left column Japan has
fuedal system similar to Euro
(emperor has only ceremonial power)
King Lord Vassal Knights Serfs
Shogun Daimyo Samurai