Unit 3: The Byzantine Empire

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Unit 3 The Byzantine Empire

• The new empire in the East

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Geography

• Constantinople
• Location
• The Bosporus strait
• Trade
• Defense
• Walls
• Moat
• Peninsula

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Geography and natural defenses
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Latin West vs. the Byzantine East

• The West
• Language
• Latin
• Legal system
• Religion
• Education
• Economy
• Lifestyle
• Art/Architecture

• The East
• Language
• Greek
• Legal system
• Religion
• Education
• Economy
• Lifestyle
• Art/Architecture

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Economy and Politics

• Byzantine Prosperity
• Trade (silk)
• Art (mosaics)
• Weapons (Greek Fire)
• The Relationship between church and state
• East (Bishop chosen by Emperor)
• West (Pope chooses HRE)

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The Split between East and West

• Christianity
• Language
• Ceremonies / Holy days
• Filioque statement
• Iconoclasm
• Married clergy
• One God, one Emperor, one religion
• The Schism of 1054
• Eastern Orthodox Church

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Justinian and Theodora (527-565)

• Justinian's Code
• Theodora (wife)
• The Hagia Sophia
• Conquest of the West
• The Stirrup

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Justinian in the West
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The Hagia Sophia
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The Byzantine Empire Besieged

• By 631 had lost back all of the land in the West
• Why?
• The Emergence of Islam
• 717 Muslim Navy repelled by Greek Fire
• Slavs in the Balkans in the 11th Century

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Byzantine Empire by 1050
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The Decline of the Byzantine Empire

• Military never great (diplomacy now less
  effective)
• 1071 The Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks)
• Wiped out the Byzantine army
• 1204 4th Crusade took Constantinople
• 1453 Ottoman Turks
• Memhed II

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The Steppe

• Dry grassland from Manchuria to Hungry
• Western Steppe
• Central Asia to Europe
• Eastern Steppe
• Present-day Mongolia
• Little rain
• Dry wind that supports rugged type of grass

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Nomadic Way of Life

• Pastoralist
• Constantly on the move looking for new areas to
  graze
• Nomads dont aimlessly wander, they followed a
  seasonal pattern.
• Battles often erupted over the land
• Clans
• Family groups

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Temujin

• Born into legend
• Father was killed when he was 9
• Mother raised the family in poverty.
• Revenge (Tatars)
• 1200 A.D.
• Temujin brought the clans together as one group
• Universal Leader
• Genghis Khan (1206)
• Led the Mongols in conquering much of Asia

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Genghis the Conqueror

• Brilliant organizer
• Gifted strategist
• Used tricks to decisive his enemies
• Fake retreat
• Adopted new weapons and strategies
• Horse
• Bow
• Used cruelty as a weapon
• Psychological warfare
• One of the first people to use terrorism

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The Mongol Empire

• After the death of Genghis Kahn his territory was
  divided by his heirs
• Khanates
• Kublai Kahn began the Yuan Dynasty of China
• Defeated in 1368 by the Ming Dynasty