Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact

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Chapter 11

• Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact

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Section 1 - Byzantine

• Western Rome collapsed 476 AD
• Byzantine flourished (Constantinople)
• Justinian had tried to regain lost Roman
  territory
• Ruled with absolute authority
• Spoke Greek (not Latin)
• Justinian Code legal code (life, property,
  marriage, slavery, inheritance, criminal justice,
  etc.)

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Section 1 Byzantine

• Constantinople - Justinian transformed city
• Public works, cathedrals (Hagia Sophia)
• Baths, aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals
• Preservation of Greek Roman culture by
  scholars
• Busy markets, street fairs
• Hippodrome Theatre chariots, musicians, races,
  performances
• Nika Rebellion 30,000 fans slaughtered mad
  that previous riot had been put down harshly

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Section 1 - Byzantine

• After Justinians death, problems
• Plague (probably bubonic)
• At height (542 AD) 10,000 per day died!
• 100 million people
• Invasions Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Persians,
  Russians, Turks
• Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453
• End of Byzantine Empire

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Section 1 - Byzantine

• Christianity differs from east to west
• West Pope was the leader
• East Patriarch was the leader Emperor had
  power over Church
• Issues over use of icons (religious images)
  riots (East supported, West did not)
• 1054 Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each
  other Christianity officially splits (schism)
• Catholic and Orthodox (p. 305)

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Byzantine Contributions

• Preserved Greek culture/learning
• Adopted Roman ideas of law
• Preserved Christianity (Orthodox)
• Great center of wealth and trade
• Art, philosophy, science, literature, education
• Theatres, palaces, reservoirs (engineering
  architecture)

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Section 2 - Russia

• Much of Russia inhabited by Slavic farmers and
  traders spoke similar language
• Vikings settled and mixed became one
• Vladimir converts to Christianity (Orthodox)
• Kiev becomes major city Christianity grows

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Section 2 - Russia

• 1200s - Mongols (fierce horsemen from central
  Asia) under Kublai Khan then Genghis Khan sacked
  Kiev
• Thousands slaughtered
• Mongol rule
• Allowed Christianity
• Demanded absolute obedience
• Demanded massive tributes (payments)
• Failed to conquer Japan kamikaze divine wind
• Marco Polo spends 17 years traveling in China

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Section 2 - Russia

• Princes emerge (in favor with Mongols)
• Ivan I moves capital to Moscow city grows
  strong and wealthy
• Ivan III openly challenged Mongols turning
  point no real fighting but end of Mongol rule
• Took title czar

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Section 3 - Turks

• Persians had moved into Baghdad (945) and put an
  end to power of caliphs
• Still religious leaders but no political power
• Turks growing in power (Anatolia)
• Herders, traders, raiders, great military skill
• Began converting to Islam and moving into Persian
  territory eventually gained Persian support
• Eventually took over Byzantine Empire
• Had also fought Crusaders and Mongols