Politics, Security

1
Politics, Security International Relations

• OConnor, Chapter 19

2
Theories of IR

• Realism
• International realm is anarchic
• Machiavelli
• Neorealism
• States do not seek to maximize power, but merely
  balance it most powerful states set the action.
• Waltz

• Balance of Power
• Theory that states ally themselves with other
  states to balance the power of threatening
  states.
• How do you measure power?
• Soft
• Hard

3
Theories of IR

• Deterrence Theory
• Clash of Civilizations
• Huntington

• Golden Arches Theory
• Friedman
• Dependency

4
Theories of IR

• Hegemonic Stability Theory
• International stability requires a single
  dominant state to enforce the rules (uni-polar).

• Bipolar
• World is divided into two power centers, like
  during the Cold War
• Multi-polar
• World is divided into many power centers

5
Theories of IR - Idealism

• Placing an emphasis on international law,
  organization, and the influence of morality and
  public opinion in the affairs of nations.
• Characterized IR theory following WWI.

6
The American Experience

• Monroe Doctrine
• 1823
• U.S. will intervene if a European power made
  unwarranted aggression anywhere in the Western
  Hemisphere.

• Pre-Spanish American War
• America was mostly Isolationist

7
Spanish-American War

• Cuban Revolution and disagreements w/Spain over
  Cuba.
• USS Maine served as a catalyst
• America gained possession of
• Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines
• President McKinley
• Isolation is no longer possible or desirable.

8
Theodore Roosevelt

• Colombia the Panama Canal
• Mediated peace between Japan Russia
• Great White Fleet
• Roosevelt Corollary
• 1905 U.S. warning to Europe not to use local
  countries debts to breach the Monroe Doctrine.

9
World War I

• America joined in 1917 three years after the war
  began. Why, so long?
• America was pro-Ally, but non-interventionist.

• Collective Security
• Agreement by all countries to automatically
  punish aggressor states.
• League of Nations, UN
• Based in Idealism

10
Interwar Years

• Smoot-Hawley Tariff
• Neutrality Acts

• U.S. gradually steps away from neutrality
• Lend-Lease
• Undeclared German naval war
• Freezing of Japanese assets

11
Post-WWII

• Marshall Plan
• Truman Doctrine
• Containment
• Eisenhower Doctrine

• Cold War
• NATO
• Collective Defense
• an attack on one is an attack on all.

12
Diplomacy

• Diplomacy
• Official, political contact among governments
• Détente

• United Nations
• Sovereignty
• Supranational
• State Department
• Embassy
• Treaty
• Executive Agreement

13
Current Issues

• NATO Expansion
• Spheres of Influence
• Worlds Policeman
• Neutral Arbiter
• UN Peacekeeping

• SALT I
• Preemption
• Imperial Overstretch
• Theory that powerful nations tends to over-expand
  and then decline.
• http//www.cdi.org/friendlyversion/printversion.cf
  m?documentID1040
• http//www.cdi.org/friendlyversion/printversion.cf
  m?documentID1041

14
Foreign Policy Today

• Internationalism
• Neo-Isolationism
• Neo-Conservatism

• Issues and Priorities
• Foreign Aid to 3rd world
• Drug trade
• Energy and OPEC
• Free Trade/Protectionism
• Democracy
• Should public opinion be consulted in pursuing
  foreign policy?
• http//people-press.org/reports/display.php3?PageI
  D795