America Becomes a World Power

1
America Becomes a World Power

• Unit 8
• Chapters 29-30

2
International InterestPages 641-648

• Imperialism
• What?
• Why?
• Who?
• Hawaii
• Cuba

3
American Imperialism

• Factors
• Economic competition between nations
• Political and military competition
• Belief in racial and cultural superiority
• Actions
• Hawaii
• Cuba
• Puerto Rico

4
1. Commercial/Business Interests
U. S. Foreign Investments 1869-1908
5
1. Commercial/Business Interests
American Foreign Trade1870-1914
6
2. Military/Strategic Interests
Alfred T. Mahan ? The Influence of Sea Power on
History 1660-1783
7
3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White MansBurden
The Hierarchyof Race
8
4. Religious/Missionary Interests
American Missionariesin China, 1905
9
5. Closing the American Frontier
10
Hawaii

• Sugar, Sugar, Sugar
• 75 of wealth
• No duty (tax) on sugar sold to U.S.
• Most plantation owners from U.S.
• Political issues
• Only land owners can vote
• U.S. treaty for Pearl Harbor
• Change in Hawaiis ruler
• Liliuokalani deposed with help from U.S.
  military
• President Cleveland refuses to recognize as a
  territory unless Hawaiians want it
• President McKinley proclaims Hawaii a U.S.
  territory

11
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
12
U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii

• 1875 Reciprocity Treaty
• 1890 McKinley Tariff
• 1893 Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising
  against Queen Liliuokalani.
• Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of
  Hawaii in 1894.

13
To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
14
CUBA

• Cuban Revolution 1895
• U.S. Split
• Support Spain to protect American business
  interests
• Support Cuban rebels to promote liberty
• Yellow journalism reporting that exaggerates
  the news to lure new readers
• Stirs support for rebels
• Creates news

15
Spanish Misrule in Cuba
16
Valeriano Weylers Reconcentration Policy
17
Yellow Journalism Jingoism
Joseph Pulitzer
Hearst to Frederick Remington You furnish
the pictures, and Ill furnish the war!
William Randolph Hearst
18
De Lôme Letter

• Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S.
• Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and
  abidder for the admirationof the crowd,
  besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to
  leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on
  good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.

19
Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
20
Spanish-American WarPages 648-660

• That Splendid Little War
• Dewey Philippines
• Teddy Roosevelt Rough Riders
• Another Treaty of Paris
• American results
• Anti-Imperialist League
• Puerto Rico

21
The Spanish-American War (1898)That Splendid
Little War
How prepared was the US for war?
22
The Spanish-American War (1898)That Splendid
Little War
23
Dewey Captures Manila!
24
Theodore Roosevelt

• Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley
  administration.
• Imperialist and American nationalist.
• Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the
  backbone of a chocolate éclair!
• Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

25
The Rough Riders
26
The Treaty of Paris 1898

• Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
• Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam.
• The U. S. paid Spain20 mil. for
  thePhilippines.
• The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

27
American Impacts

• 350-400 Battle Deaths
• 2000-5000 Death by Disease
• Typhoid, Malaria, etc.
• Bad beef
• Unprepared
• Clothing, training, weapons, leadership
• Strengths
• Numbers, Navy

28
The American Anti-Imperialist
League

• Founded in 1899.
• Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and
  WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders.
• Campaigned against the annexation of
  thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

29
Cuban Independence?
Senator Orville Platt
Platt Amendment (1903) 1. Cuba was not to enter
into any agreements with foreign powers that
would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S.
could intervene in Cuban affairs if
necessary to maintain an efficient, independent
govt. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the
U.S. for naval and coaling station. 4. Cuba
must not build up an excessive public debt.
30
Puerto Rico

• 1900 - Foraker Act Limited degree of popular
  government
• 1901-1903 ? the Insular Cases Constitution does
  not fully apply to territories
• 1917 Jones Act
• U.S. Citizenship for Puerto Ricans

31
Our Sphere of Influence
32
America on the World StagePages 664-671

• Philippine War
• Open Door Policy
• Boxer Rebellion
• Election of 1900

33
Emilio Aguinaldo

• Leader of the FilipinoUprising.
• July 4, 1946Philippine independence

34
William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the
Philippines

35
Stereotypes of the Chinese
Immigrant
Oriental Chinese Exclusion Act, 1887
36
The Boxer Rebellion 1900

• The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.
• 55 Days at Peking.

37
The Open Door Policy

• Secretary John Hay.
• Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China.
• Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by
  any one foreign power.

38
TheOpen Door Policy
39
America as a Pacific Power
40
(No Transcript)
41
Prosperity vs. Anti-Imperialism
42
(No Transcript)
43
Assassinated by an Anarchist
LEON CZOLGOSZ Tried / Convicted lt 9
hours Executed 45 days after McKinley dies
44
Teddy Roosevelt

• TR
• Politician
• NYC Police Commissioner
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy
• Leader of the Rough Riders (volunteer cavalry
  brigade in Spanish-American War)
• Governor of NY
• VP for William McKinley
• President (42 years old)

45
Teddys Foreign PolicyPages 671-679

• Panama Canal
• Why?
• Who?
• How?
• Monroe Doctrine (TR Version)
• US-Japan Relations

46
Panama The Kings Crown

• 1850 ? Clayton-BulwerTreaty (US not allowed to
  get exclusive control over Panama route)
• 1901 ? Hay-PaunceforteTreaty (US free to build
  and fortify a canal)
• Panama revolution?
• 1903 ? Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty. (US purchases
  rights from French)

47
Panama Canal
TR in Panama(Construction begins in 1904)
48
The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine 1905
Chronic wrongdoing may in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require intervention by some civilized
nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the exercise of an international
police power .
49
Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!
50
Constable of the World
51
Treaty of Portsmouth 1905
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
52
Yellow Peril

• Post Russo-Japanese War
• Laborers flock to California
• Racial tensions
• School discrimination
• Gentlemens Agreement
• Japan agrees to limit (eliminate?) laborers
  headed to California

53
The Great White Fleet 1907