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Becoming a World Power 1898-1917

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Title: Becoming a World Power 1898-1917


1
Becoming a World Power1898-1917
2
U.S. Looks Outward
  • Protestant Missionaries
  • Businessmen
  • Imperialists

3
Protestant Missionaries
  • Focused mainly on China
  • Christian duty
  • Civilizing

4
Businessmen
  • Exports of American manufactured goods rise after
    1880
  • American tobacco sold 1 billion cigarettes to
    China
  • James J. Hill
  • Frederick Jackson Turner
  • The Significance of the Frontier in American
    History"
  • Senator Albert Beveridge

5
(No Transcript)
6
Imperialists
  • U.S. should be imperial nation like Britain,
    France, Germany, and Russia
  • Alfred Thayer Mahan
  • The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890)
  • Big navy policy
  • Samoa and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
  • Hawaii
  • Queen Liliuokalani
  • Jingoism
  • War and imperialism attempt to revive frontier

7
The Spanish-American War
  • Cuban Revolution (1895)
  • Valeriano Weyler
  • Yellow journalism"
  • William Randolph Hearst
  • Joseph Pulitzer
  • de Lôme letter
  • Maine
  • Teller Amendment

8
A Splendid Little War
  • Main reason for U.S. victory was naval
    superiority
  • American soldiers were racist towards Cubans and
    refused to work with them
  • George Dewey
  • Manila
  • Theodore Roosevelt and the "Rough Riders"
  • Kettle Hill and Negro Infantry
  • San Juan Hill
  • Spanish Atlantic fleet destroyed, Spain
    surrenders
  • Treaty of Paris, 1898
  • U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
  • U.S. pays 20 million

9
The United States Becomes a World Power
  • McKinley casts his lot with imperialists
  • Hawaiian annexation (1898)
  • Lands gained from Spain colonies not territories
  • Philippines
  • Emilio Aguinaldo

10
The Debate over the Treaty of Paris
  • Anti-Imperialist League
  • William Jennings Bryan and southern and western
    democrats
  • Against proposed acquisition of Philippines
  • An assault on Filipinos rights
  • Businessmen and laborers feared competition from
    Philippines
  • Maintaining outposts more expensive than economic
    benefit
  • Racist motives not to contaminate America
  • Filipinos revolt, Anti-Imperialists lose

11
The American-Filipino War
  • 4 years of fighting between U.S. soldiers and
    Filipino rebels
  • Were American actions in Philippines any
    different than those of Spain in Cuba?

12
Controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico
  • Platt Amendment
  • Foraker Act (1900)
  • Unincorporated territory
  • Insular cases "Does the Constitution follow the
    flag?"
  • Caribbean becoming an American Mediterranean

13
China and the Open Door
  • Other countries controlled Chinas trade through
    spheres of influence
  • John Hay
  • Open Door" policy
  • Boxer Rebellion (1900)
  • 2nd Open Door notes

14
Theodore Roosevelt, Geopolitician
  • Driving force in U.S. foreign policy
  • Roosevelt believed the nation, like an
    individual, must strive for greatness
  • Americans were racially superior and destined for
    supremacy in economic and political affairs
  • Shrewd analyst of international affairs
  • No patience for small countries claims to
    sovereignty or human rights of weak peoples
  • Latin America, Africa, Asia (except Japan) were
    inferior

15
The Roosevelt Corollary
  • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
  • Venezuela
  • Dominican Republic
  • Roosevelts interventions concerned with
    stability not democratic institutions or social
    justice

16
The Panama Canal
  • Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) gave U.S. right to
    build and fortify a canal
  • Philippe Bunau-Varilla engineer
  • Panamanian revolt and the U.S.S. Nashville
  • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
  • The treaty which no Panamanian signed
  • Building canal impressive test of American
    ingenuity and willpower
  • Strategic importance of canal increased U.S.
    determination to preserve order in Central
    America

17
Keeping the Peace in East Asia
  • Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
  • Treaty of Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1905)
  • Root-Takahira Agreement (1908) Japan and U.S.
    would respect each others holdings and the Open
    Door Policy
  • Gentlemen's Agreement" (1907)
  • Great White Fleet

18
William Howard Taft, Dollar Diplomat
  • Dollar diplomacy
  • Substitute dollars for bullets
  • Nicaragua

19
U.S. Global Investments and Investments in Latin
America, 1914
20
Woodrow Wilson, Struggling Idealist
  • Wilson intervened in Caribbean more than any
    President before
  • Wilson more concerned with morality and justice
    than Taft or Roosevelt
  • Mexican Revolution Wilson hopes for democracy
  • Victoriano Huerta
  • Venustiano Carranza and Francisco "Pancho" Villa
  • John Pershing

21
Conclusion
  • Dramatic turns in U.S. foreign policy
  • Control of Western Hemisphere
  • Moved military and economic power into Asia
  • Peoples of Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and
    Cuba were regarded as inferior and denied right
    to govern themselves
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