Dissociative Disorders

1
Dissociative Disorders

• Psychology
• Ms. Currey

2
?s about Dissociative Disorder

• What are these disorders characterized with?
  What is dissociation?
• Describe the symptoms for each of the following
  disorders Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociateive
  Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder.
• How are dissociate disorders explained using
  biology AND psychology?

3
I. Dissociation

• Separation of personality parts or mental
  processes from conscious thought.
• In English Zoning out
• Example You may be so involved in listening to
  a Psychology lesson you cant hear when someone
  calls your name.

4
A. When is Dissociation a disorder?

• When it is used as a way to avoid stressful
  events or feelings.

5
Examples

• Someone loses their memory of a painful
  experience (rape, child abuse etc)
• Lose memory of identity!

6
3.Types of Dissociative Disorders

• A. Dissociative Amnesia- Sudden loss of memory,
  usually right after a stressful or traumatic
  event.

http//www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonis
ts/mba/lowres/mban1522l.jpg
7
A. Dissociative Amnesia-

• Usually people with Dissociative Amnesia forget
  events during a period of time around the trauma
  but sometimes a person may forget ALL prior
  experience and may be unable to remember his/her
  name, recognize friends and family or recall
  personal information.

8
How does it get fixed?

• Memory is likely to return just as suddenly as it
  is lost.

http//i184.photobucket.com/albums/x34/clowndikk/L
ongKissGoodnightThe1996104415_f.jpg
9
B. Dissociative Fugue

• (fugue-same as root of fugitive)
• Form of dissociative amnesia.
• Loss of identity and travel to a new location.
• Can last hours, months, even years!
• New personality may not even be aware of the
  history behind the transformation

10
C. Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Another type of Dissociative Disorder
• 1. Multiple personalities
• Different personalities may or may not be aware
  of the others and each personality takes turns
  controlling the person.

11
B. Dissociative Identity Disorder

• 2. Each personality is likely to be different
  from the others in ways like
• - voice
• - facial expression
• - perceived age
• - gender
• - physical characteristics

12
B. Dissociative Identity Disorder

• 3. Why do people get Dissociative Identity
  Disorder?
• Usually severely abused as children

http//www.humanillnesses.com/original/images/hdc_
0001_0002_0_img0178.jpg
13
Cases becoming more common

• 1970s lt 100 cases
• 1980s gt 20,000 cases
• of recorded personalities from 3-12, sometimes
  dozens!

14
Sybil Dorsett

• Famous case.

• Problems
• After the death of her psychiatrist, people think
  maybe her multiple personalities were a result of
  her therapists suggestions.

15
Explaining Dissociative Disorders

• 2 different views
• 1. Psychoanalytical- people dissociate to
  repress unacceptable urges
• 2. Learning- Learn to not thing about disturbing
  events to avoid feelings of guilt, shame or pain
• Dissociate by forgetting painful events! It
  works! Anxiety is reduced when a trauma is
  forgotten but..

16
Review

• What are these disorders characterized with?
  What is dissociation?
• Describe the symptoms for each of the following
  disorders Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociateive
  Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder.
• How are dissociate disorders explained using
  biology AND psychology?

17
Schizophrenia
18
?s about Schizophrenia

• 1. What are the 3 main symptoms of Schizophrenia?
  
• 2. Describe the delusions
• 3. What are Hallucinations and how can they cause
  a cycle of schizophrenic symptoms?
• 4. What are some examples of Inappropriate
  Emotions or Behaviors?
• 5. What are the 4 major types of schizophrenia?
• 6. How do biological and psychological factors
  combine to cause schizophrenia?

19
Schizophrenia

• The MOST serious of all psychological disorders.
• Loss of contact with reality
• Can make it impossible for a person to function
  alone.
• 1 of population of world diagnosed

20
NOT split personality!

• Schiz means split but it represents a break
  from reality, not a division of personality.

21
Schizophrenic Disorder Symptoms(Not everyone
exhibits ALL of these)

• Delusions (Ex believing they are being followed
  all the time)
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech
• Inappropriate Emotions or Behaviors
• No longer able to adapt to situations

22
Types of Delusions

• Delusions of Grandeur false beliefs that you are
  more important than you really are.
• Delusions of Perception false beliefs that
  people are out to get you.
• Delusions of sin or guilt false beliefs of being
  responsible for a misfortune (ex plane crash)
• Delusions of Influence false beliefs of being
  controlled by outside forces ie the devil

23
Hallucinations

• False Perception
• Visual, auditory OR Tactile

24
Cycle of Symptoms

• Hallucinations provide evidence for delusions.
• Ex Taste poison in food, think someone is
  trying to kill me!
• People w/Schizophrenia cant trust their own
  senses!

25
Inappropriate Emotions or Behaviors

• Emotional flatness
• Speaking too loudly
• Nonsense talk
• Odd mannerisms
• Complete inactivity or moldability
• Dressing strangely

26
Onset

• Early Adolescence / Early Adulthood
• Rarely over 35
• Emergence sudden or gradual-sudden easier to
  recover from

27
Causes

• Psychological
• Biological

28
Psychological Causes

• Stress and disturbed family communication
  patterns (could be a result NOT cause!)

29
Psychoanalytic Causes

• Family Environment When a parent expresses
  intense emotions and is pushy, critical and mean
  to children it COULD increase the likelihood of
  someone developing schizophrenia.

30
Biological View

• Its a BRAIN disorder. It could be caused by
• Born with different brain structure.
• As many as 6x number of receptor sites for
  dopamine (affects emotion, attention and
  perception)

31
Biological genetic

• Risk rises 10 if parent or sibling has it.
• 50 if identical twin has it.
• Genain Quadruplets

32
Not totally biological

• No single gene or set of genes guarantee
  schizophrenia will develop.

33
Bio Prenatal Viruses

• A viral infection during the middle of a
  pregnancy may cause schizophrenia.
• Flu season? Uh oh!

34
BOTH!

• There may be Both psychological AND biological
  factors for schizophrenia.
• Genetics may make someone more susceptible to
  schizophrenia and other factors like a bad home
  environment may make schizophrenia more likely.

35
Treatment

• Drug therapy
• Behavior therapy

36
Schizophrenic Symptoms

• Positive Symptoms
• Hallucinations
• Delusions
• Bizarre ideas
• Positive easier to cure than negative

• Negative Symptoms
• Lack of emotions
• Social withdrawal
• Apathy

37
Types of Schizophrenia

• Paranoid
• Catatonic
• Disorganized
• Undifferentiated

38
Paranoid Schizophrenia

• Has delusions of grandeur and persecution.
  Auditory and other hallucinations often support
  delusions.
• Example Someone is convinced that they the FBI
  is following them. Everything they think they
  see and hear reinforces that idea. Any car that
  passes by their house MUST be working for the FBI!

39
Disorganized Schizophrenia

• People have thoughts and behaviors that dont
  seem to make sense or connect with one another.
• Either emotionless or showing inappropriate
  emotions (laughing at a funeral).
• Neglect physical appearance.
• Very disturbed gone mad

40
Catatonic Schizophrenia

• Most obvious symptom variations in voluntary
  movement. Alternates between 2 phases catatonic
  excitement rapid movements, delusions and
  hallucinations and catatonic stupor little
  activity or speech. Flat emotion and waxy
  flexibility.

41
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

• Symptoms that are disturbed but not clearly
  consistent with the paranoid, catatonic, or
  disorganized types of schizophrenia.

42
Recovery

• Full recovery (rare)
• Partial recovery
• Chronic

43
?s about Schizophrenia

• 1. What are the 3 main symptoms of Schizophrenia?
  
• 2. Describe the delusions
• 3. What are Hallucinations and how can they cause
  a cycle of schizophrenic symptoms?
• 4. What are some examples of Inappropriate
  Emotions or Behaviors?
• 5. What are the 4 major types of schizophrenia?
• 6. How do biological and psychological factors
  combine to cause schizophrenia?

44
Personality Disorders

• Abnormal Psychology
• Ms. Currey

45
?s to answer by the end of the lesson

• 1. Why are personality disorders difficult to
  diagnose?
• 2. Describe the symptoms of each of the following
  disorders
• Avoidant personality disorder
• Dependent personality disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Anti-social personality disorder

46
Review What is Personality?

• A persons traits that dont change.

47
What is a personality disorder?

• When someone has personality traits that cause
  pain in themselves or others. (disrupt social
  functioning)

48
Diagnosis difficult

• Because they often overlap.

49
Types of Personality Disorders

• Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety
  (Avoidant, Dependent)
• Personality Disorders with Dramatic or Impulsive
  Behaviors (Borderline, Anti-social)

50
Avoidant Personality Disorder

• Sensitive about rejection. Avoids relationships.

51
Dependent Personality Disorder

• Clingy, submissive. Strong need for others to
  take care of them.

52
Borderline Personality Disorder

• Instability of emotions, self-image, behavior and
  relationships.

53
Anti-social Personality Disorder

• Lack of conscience for wrong doing, lack of
  respect for the rights of other people.
• Most dramatic and troubling of all personality
  disorders.
• Criminal behavior with on remorse
• More often in males
• Can be charming and clever
• Serial killers
• VERY difficult to treat prison

54
Explaining Personality Disorders

• Psychoanalytic
• Childhood experiences teach children to get along
  with other people. If children are never
  reinforced for good behaviorand only get
  attention when they behave badly, they may learn
  anti-social behavior.

55
Explaining Personality Disorders

• Other psychoanalytic ideas
• Antisocial personality disorder develops when a
  child lacks appropriate role models and when the
  role models they have are aggressive or mean.

56
Biological Views

• There ARE some genetic factors for personality.
• Ex antisocial personality disorder tends to run
  in families
• Some evidence that people with antisocial
  personality diosorder have fewer neurons in the
  frontal part of the brain than other people.

57
Biological Views

• BUT, it is very unlikely that biological factors
  are the ONLY reasons people develop personality
  disorders.

58
Lets Review!

• 1. Why are personality disorders difficult to
  diagnose?
• 2. Describe the symptoms of each of the following
  disorders
• Avoidant personality disorder
• Dependent personality disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Anti-social personality disorder