Protists and Fungi

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Protists and Fungi

• By Mr. Hunter

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Protists
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What do all protozoa have in common?

• Eukaryotic
• Range from single to multi-cellular
• Highly diverse
• Do not have specialized tissues for functions

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What do all protists have in common?

• Use many methods of getting food (some even use
  photosynthesis some are heterotrophs some are
  parasites)
• Reproduce sexually (conjugation) and asexually
  (binary fission)

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Sexual Reproduction of Paramecium
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Classification of Protists

• Heterotrophs that can move
• Heterotrophs that cannot move
• Producers

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Protist Producers- Algae

• Algae make food through photosynthesis.
• Examples seaweed, phytoplankton

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Seaweed Phytoplankton
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Type of Algae Size Location How does the algae get its food?



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Describe

• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Euglenoids

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Heterotrophs that can move

• Amoeba
• Zooflagellates
• Ciliates

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Amoeba
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Amoebic Dysentery

• Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by a
  one-celled parasite called Entamoeba histolytica,
  which causes both intestinal and extraintestinal
  infections.Two species of Entamoeba are
  morphologically indistinguishable Entamoeba
  histolytica is pathogenic and Entamoeba dispar
  harmlessly colonizes the colon. Amoebas adhere to
  and kill the cells of the colon and cause
  dysentery with blood and mucus in the
  stool.Amoebas also secrete substances called
  proteases that degrade lining of the colon and
  permit invasion into the bowel wall and beyond.
  Amoebas can spread via the circulation to the
  liver and cause liver abscesses. The infection
  may spread further by direct extension from the
  liver or through the bloodstream to the lungs,
  brain, and other organs.

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Mild early symptoms

• Weight loss
• Anaemia
• Indigestion
• Intermittent diarrhoea with foul-smellingstool
  that may be preceded by constipation.
  Dehydration Blood and mucus in the stool. Gas
  and Abdominal Bloating Abdominal cramps and
  tenderness Fever Fatigue Chills

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Zooflagellates

• Giardia Lamblia
• Termite Gut (Mutualism)

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Heterotrophs that CANT move

• Spore-forming protists
• Complicated life cycles that involve two or more
  hosts
• Ex. Malaria

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Malaria

• 500 million people contract malaria each year and
  2.7 million people die from it each year.
• Infection with malaria parasites may result in a
  wide variety of symptoms, ranging from absent or
  very mild symptoms to severe disease and even
  death.

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The classical (but rarely observed) malaria
attack lasts 6-10 hours. It consists of

• a cold stage (sensation of cold, shivering)
• a hot stage (fever, headaches, vomiting seizures
  in young children)
• and finally a sweating stage (sweats, return to
  normal temperature, tiredness)

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Symptoms

• Fever
• Chills
• Sweats
• Headaches
• Nausea and vomiting
• Body aches
• General malaise.

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Water Molds

• Water molds live in water, soil or other
  organisms
• Decomposers and parasites

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Slime molds

• Only move at certain times during their life
  cycles
• Use pseudopodia to move and to eat bacteria and
  yeast
• Spores- reproductive cells covered by a thick wall

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Slime Mold In An Aquarium
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Slime Mold
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• Heterotroph Spore-forming protists
• Parasite Water molds
• Host Slime molds
• Red Algae
• Green Algae
• Brown Algae
• Phytoplankton
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Euglenoids
• Amoebas
• Psuedopodia
• Zooflagellates
• Ciliates

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The World Without Fungi

• No leavened bread
• No penicillin
• No blue cheese
• No mushrooms
• Collections of dead organic matter
• No soy sauce
• No beer
• No athletes feet

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What are characteristics of fungi?

• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophs
• Rigid cell walls
• Diverse shapes, methods of obtaining food
• Various modes of reproduction

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Hyphae

• Long, nonreproductive filaments

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Mycelium

• The mass of fungal filaments, or hyphae, that
  forms the body of a fungus

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Asexual Reproduction in Fungus

• Hyphae break apart and each new piece becomes a
  fungus
• Spore formation
• Spores are small reproductive cells that are
  protected by a thick cell wall that grow into a
  new fungus.

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Sexual Reproduction in Fungi

• Special structures form to make sex cells that
  join to produce sexual spores that grow into a
  new fungus.

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Shape Sex. Or Asex.? Description Details Drawing
Threadlike
Sac
Club
Imperfect
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Threadlike

• Fuzzy (mold)
• Asexually sporangia break open and release
  spores into the air
• Sexually hyphae join up
• Details parasites, live in the soil, decomposers

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Threadlike Fungi

• The mold of the genus Pilobolus grows on animal
  manure.
• This mold produces little sacs of spores on top
  of stalked structures that swell, and sacs are
  shot up 8 meters into the air!!!

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Threadlike fungi

• Their spores adhere to grass and leaves.
• Animals eat the leaves, the spores pass through
  their digestive tracts, and end up in dung where
  the spores germinate.

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Bread Box Nightmares

• White bread
• Wheat bread
• 20 drops of water
• 20 drops of sugar water
• 20 drops of lemon juice

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Match up the words correctly and use each pair in
an accurate sentence.

• Threadlike fungi
• Sac fungi
• Club fungi
• Ascus
• Gills
• Sporangia

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Intriguing Fungi

• Mushrooms consist mostly of water.
• Shiitake mushrooms were thought to promote good
  health by the people of ancient China.
• They were correct since these mushrooms are rich
  in Fe, P, Ca and protein.

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Shiitake Mushrooms
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Worlds Largest Fungus?

• A fungus that covered an area of 4 square
  kilometers and weighed nearly 1,000 tons that is
  1,000 years old was found in Seattle, Washington!

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Bread, beer, wine
• Genetic manipulation
• Molecular and cellular biology experiments

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Fungi

• Fungi are the major cause of plant diseases.
• At least 5,000 kinds of fungi attack crops,
  garden plants, and wild plants.
• Ringworm

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Ringworm
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Lichens

• Lichen a combination of a fungus and an alga
  that grow together in a mutualistic relationship
• How is this relationship mutualistic?
• How are lichens important?