?ef??a?? 2

1
?ef??a?? 2

• ?????? ??s?d?µa ?a? ???a??asµ??

2
??af??? µeta?? ??????? ?a? ???s?p???? ??s?d?µat??

• ?????? ??s?d?µa ?e?d??eta? ap? ????? t???
  pa?????te? (s??te?est??) t?? pa?a?????.
• ???s?p??? ??s?d?µa ?e?d??eta? ap? t??? ?d??te?.
  ?e???aµß??e?? p????µ??. ?efa?a???????? ap?d?se??
  de? s?µpe???aµß????ta?.
• ? d?af??? µeta?? ??? ?a? ??????? ??s?d?µat??
  e??a? ?? ap?sß?se?? ?a? ?? ?µµes??
  ep??e???µat???? f????.

3
?as??? St???e?a t?? ??????? ???a??asµ??

• ?e??? ?a?a?????
• ??a ta a?a?? ?a? ?p??es?e? p?? a????st??a? ????
  t?? te????? ??t?s?? (e?t?? ap? ta inventory
  investment).
• ?e s?µpe???aµß????ta? e?d??µesa p?????ta ?
  ?p??es?e? (??a ap?f??? t?? d?p??? ?p?????sµ??).
• ?e??? ??s?d?µat??
• ??a ta e?s?d?µata ap? d??f????? s??te?est??
  pa?a?????.
• ?e? pe???aµß????ta? µetaf???? p????µ??.

4
St???e?a t?? ??. ???????? ??.

• Consumption
• Durables
• Nondurables
• Services
• Investment
• Capital Spending (Plant and Equipment)
• Residential Construction
• Inventory Investment
• Net Exports
• Exports
• Imports
• Government purchases (NOT expenditures)
• National defense
• Other Federal
• State and Local (mainly wages and salaries)

5
Consumer Spending

• ??a??? ??a?? d?a????? 3 ?????a ? pa?ap???.
• (??t?????ta s?s?e???)
• ?? d?a??? ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??????a. Fa??t?,
  pet???a??, ?????sµ??
• ?p??es?e? ?????? sp?t??? (?e?µa, ?e??),
  µetaf????, ?at??fa?µa?e?t????.
• ??????a.

6
Investment Capital Spending

• Producers Durable Equipment
• High-Tech Equipment
• Computers
• Software
• Telecommunications
• Industrial Equipment
• Transportation Equipment
• Includes leased cars
• Other Equipment
• Natural resources
• Office equipment
• Nonresidential Construction
• Buildings
• Utilities
• Oil drilling
• Most roads, etc. in the public sector

7
?pe?d?se?? ?atas?e???

• ?????e?e?a?? sp?t?a.
• ???s???e? ?a? a??a??? .
• ?µ??ß?? µes?t??.

8
Inventory Investment

• St?? ??s?a de? ap?te?e? te???? ??t?s? a???
  s?µpe???aµß??eta? st? ??? epe?d? ?? s??te?est??
  pa?a????? ????? ?d? p?????e? ??a ?a pa?????? a?t?
  ta p?????ta.
• ?p?te???? (pe??p??) µ???? t? 1 t?? ???, a???
  e??a? ?pe????a ??a p??? ap? 50 t?? d?a??µa?s??
  t?? ??? se pe???d??? ?fes??.

9
??d??µesa a?a?? ?a? ?p??es?e?

• ?????? µ???? t?? ?????? p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a
  t?? pa?a???? te????? a?a???.
• G?a pa??de??µa, s?d???? ??a a?t?????ta For
  example, steel for autos, ???e?a ??a ta sp?t?a,
  f?s??? a???? ??a ta pet????µ???.
• G?af???? ??e? (paper clips) a??? ???
  ?efa?a???????? e??p??sµ??, ?? ?p???? e??a? µ????
  t?? te????? ??t?s??.
• ?e????? e?d??µese? ?p??es?e?.

10
?????? ??s?d?µa

• ??s??? ?a? ?µe??µ?s??a
• ??sf???? sta taµe?a ?????????? asfa??se??
  (e???d?t? ?a? e??a??µ????)
• ??s?d?µa ap? t?????
• ??s?d?µa ap? e?????a
• ?ta????? ???d?

11
??af??? µeta?? ??a????st?? ???????? ?a? ???????
??????t??

• ?? ??. ??????? ??. pe???aµß??e? ???d? p??
  p???????ta? ap? ??a ta st???e?a p?? ß??s???ta?
  e?t?? t?? ???a?, e?te a?t? a?????? se µ???µ???
  ??t?????? e?te se ??????.
• ?? ??. ?????? ??. pe???aµß??e? ???d? p??
  p???????ta? ap? ??a ta st???e?a p?? a?????? se
  p???te? t?? ???a?, e?te a?t?? ß??s???ta? e?t??
  t?? ???a?, e?te e?t??.
• ?? ??. ??????? ??. e??a? ?a??te?? µ?t??.

12
St???e?a t?? ???s?p???? ??s?d?µat?? (??)

• ??? e??a? t? ?d?? µe t? p?s? p?? ?aµß????? ??
  ?d??te?.
• ?efa?a??????? ???d? ?a? ??µ??? e?a?????ta?.
• ?? e?sf???? se taµe?a s??t??e?? e??a? µ???? t??
  p??s?p???? e?s?d?µat??. ??t??t??? ?? ?????p??
  pa?????? ?a? ??de???? ta ???µata µet? t??
  af?p???t?s? t???. ??t?? ?? p????µ?? de?
  s?µpe???aµß????ta? st? ??.
• ?eft? ap? epa?ada?e??d?t?s? sp?t??? de
  s?µpe???aµß????ta?.
• ?a??te?a ?a ???s?µ?p?????ta? µ?s??? ?a? aµ??ß??
  ?? µ?t?? (?p?? a?t? e??a? d?a??s?µ?) pa??
  s??????? st???e?a t?? stat?st???? ?p??es?a?.

13
?? e??a? t? p?s?st? ?d??t???? ap?taµ?e?s??

• ???a? t? t?? e?s?d?µat?? p?? ap?taµ?e???? ??
  ?ata?a??t??.

14
? µ???d?? t?? ???st???µe??? ???a? (Value Added)

• ??af??eta? st? s?µß??? t?? pa?a???t?? t??
  pa?a?????, d??ad?, t?? ed?f???, t?? e??as?a?, ?a?
  t?? ?????? a?a???, st?? a???s? t?? a??a? e???
  p?????t??.
• ??t?st???e? sta e?s?d?µata p?? pa?a?aµß????ta?
  ap? t??? ?d???t?te? a?t?? t?? pa?a???t??.

15
St???e?a p?? de? s?µpe???aµß????ta? st? ??? ?a?
st? ?????? ??s?d?µa

• ??a ta e?s?d?µata ap? µetaf??? pe????s?a???
  st???e???.
• ?efa?a??????? ???d? ?a? ??µ???.
• ??ta??a?? a?a??? ?a? ?p??es???.
• ?a?a??????µ?a.

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??s? ???s?µ? e??a? t? ??? ??a t??? Managers

• ???a? t? ???µe?? p?? a?af??eta? s????te?a,
  s?et??? µe t?? ap?d?s? t?? ??????µ?a?.
• ??t??t???, ?? t??µ???a?e? a??a??? pe???aµß?????
  ????? t??a?? st???e?? ?a? ?? a?a?e???se?? t??
  de??t? ??µa????ta? µeta?? t?? 1 ?a? 2. ??t?
  s?µa??e? ?t? 1 a???s? µp??e? ?a a?a?e????e? ??
  1 µe??s?.
• ?????? f???? ?p???e? e???a?sµ?? t?? st???e???.

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