Sensation and Perception

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Sensation and Perception

• Sensation your window to the world
• Perception interpreting what comes in your
  window.

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Sensory Adaptation

• Decreased responsiveness to stimuli due to
  constant stimulation.

Do you feel your underwear all day?
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Cocktail-party phenomenon

• The cocktail party effect describes the ability
  to focus one's listening attention on a single
  talker among a mixture of conversations and
  background noises, ignoring other conversations.
• Form of selective attention.

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Absolute Threshold

• The minimum stimulation needed to detect a
  stimulus 50 of the time.

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(Just Notable Difference) Difference Threshold
The smallest amount of change needed to detect in
a stimulus before we detect a change
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Subliminal Messages
Do you hear "Now he uses marijuana.?

• Stimuli below our absolute threshold.
• Backmasking
• 25th frame
• Do Subliminal Messages work?
• Probably a placebo effect

Do you hear Pass the gun now. It kills the love,
the love is cold?
Do you hear Ah, see me. I'm not too young?
Do you hear"Play backwards. Hear words sung.?
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A Letter from College Dear Mom, chool is really
great. I am making lot of friend and tudying
very hard. With all my tuff, I imply can't
think of anything I need, o if you would like,
you can just end me a card, a I would love to
hear from you. Love, uan P.. Thank for
ending the weater.

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Dear Susan, I kNOw that astroNOmy, ecoNOmics, and
oceaNOgraphy are eNOugh to keep even an hoNOr
student busy. Do NOt forget that the pursuit of
kNOwledge is a NOble task, and you can never
study eNOugh. Love, Mom P.S. Thanks for your
NOte!!
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Transduction

• Transforming signals into neural impulses.
• Information goes from the senses to the thalamus
  , then to the various areas in the brain.

Remember Ethan in Sky High. He changes his body
to slime. Solid form to liquid form. Change
from one form of energy to another. Click the
picture to watch power placement.
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Vision

• Our most dominating sense.
• Visual Capture

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Phase Two Getting the light in the eye
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Phase Three Transduction
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Phase Four In the Brain

• Goes to the Visual Cortex located in the
  Occipital Lobe of the Cerebral Cortex
• Feature Detectors
• Parallel Processing

We have specific cells that see the lines,
motion, curves and other features of this turkey.
These cells are called feature detectors.
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Color Vision
Two Major Theories
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Color-Deficient Vision

• People who suffer red-green blindness have
  trouble perceiving the number within the design

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Trichromatic Theory

• Three types of cones
• Red
• Blue
• Green
• These three types of cones can make millions of
  combinations of colors.
• Does not explain afterimages or color blindness
  well.

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Opponent-Process theory

• The sensory receptors come in pairs.
• Red/Green
• Yellow/Blue
• Black/White
• If one color is stimulated, the other is
  inhibited.

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Afterimages
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Opponent Process- Afterimage Effect
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Hearing
Our auditory sense/sound localization
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The Ear
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Transduction in the ear

• Sound waves hit the eardrum then anvil then
  hammer then stirrup then oval window.
• Everything is just vibrating.
• Then the cochlea vibrates.
• The cochlea is lined with mucus called basilar
  membrane.
• In basilar membrane there are hair cells.
• When hair cells vibrate they turn vibrations into
  neural impulses which are called organ of Corti.
• Sent then to thalamus up auditory nerve.

It is all about the vibrations!!!
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Deafness

• Nerve (sensorineural) Deafness

• Conduction Deafness

• The hair cells in the cochlea get damaged.
• Loud noises can cause this type of deafness.
• NO WAY to replace the hairs.
• Cochlea implant is possible.

• Something goes wrong with the sound and the
  vibration on the way to the cochlea.
• You can replace the bones or get a hearing aid to
  help.

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Touch

• Receptors located in our skin.
• Gate Control Theory of Pain

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Taste

• We have bumps on our tongue called papillae.
• Taste buds are located on the papillae (they are
  actually all over the mouth).
• Sweet, salty, sour and bitter.

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Vestibular Sense

• Tells us where our body is oriented in space.
• Our sense of balance.
• Located in our semicircular canals in our ears.

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Kinesthetic Sense

• Tells us where our body parts are.
• Receptors located in our muscles and joints.

With the kinesthetic sense you could touch the
button to make copies of your buttocks.