Decolonization in Africa and Latin America

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Decolonization in Africa and Latin America
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Latin America
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• Decolonization in Latin America took place
  primarily for economic cultural reasons, as new
  nations sought independence economic self
  control

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Search for Stability in Latin America

• U.S. alienated Cubans and Puerto Ricans by
  controlling them like a colonial powers (after
  1898 SA War)
• Resentment in L.A. increased from US intervention
  with Panama
• Brazil Argentina turn to
• Authoritarianism
• Nationalized Industries

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Mexican Turmoil

• Mexican Revolution 1910
• Mexico ruled by a dictator (Diaz)
• Corrupt
• Allowed heavy foreign influence
• Widespread economic inequality
• The last straw is World War I
• Disruption of traditional markets because
  Europeans limited exports
• Forced to rely on themselves ? Industrialize

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Rebellion

• Francisco Madero ran against Diaz in 1910
• Wanted moderate democratic political reforms
• Arrested supports revolt
• Pancho Villa leads a rebellion in north
• Emilano Zapata leads a rebellion in the south
• His goal give land back to peasants (land
  redistribution)
• Diaz is driven from power in 1913 but revolution
  continues
• By 1920 Mexico began to settle down

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Zapata
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Villa
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Cultural Political Changes

• Mexican Constitution of 1917
• Land reform, nationalized resources (esp. oil),
  rights to workers, education reforms
• Nationalism Indigenism
• Attempt to reconnect w/ Native past
• Art reflects this movement Diego Rivera

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Latin America and the US following WWI

• U.S. became a world power politically and
  economically
• Creates problems for Latin America?
• Why?
• U.S. intervention in Mexico (limited)
• Desire for order (secure border)
• Fear of German influence on Mexico
• Real threat after the Zimmerman Note

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Africa
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Regional, Religious, and Ethnic Movements

• Nigeria

• Biafra

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Contemporary Map of Nigeria (1)
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Four Region Map (2)
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Ethnic Diversity (3)
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Religious Diversity (4)
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OIL REVENUE IN NIGERIA (5)

• The Nigerian central government gains (and
  gained) a lot of its revenue from oil companies
  which pay a charge for the petroleum they ship
  out of Nigeria.  This table shows the percentage
  of total government  revenue which comes from
  these charges on oil.
•                             Year              
       Percentage                           
  1958-59                      .08  
                              1962-63
                     7.31                          
    1966-67                  18.26                 
             1970-71                 
  25.99                            1974-75
                   80.81                           
  1978-79                  66.30                  
            1982-83                 
  67.00                            1986-87
                   75.80                           
  1989-90                97.24
•     Last year of information on the source. 
• Adapted from data in Eghosa E. Osaghae, Crippled
  Giant  Nigeria Since Independence (Bloomington 
  Indiana University Press, 1998), p. 20.

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Ethnolinguistic Diversity (6)
Living Languages Living Languages Living Languages Living Languages Number of Speakers Number of Speakers Number of Speakers
Country Count Percent Indigenous Immigrant Total Mean Median
Nigeria   529 7.45 522 7 104,138,885 216,056 13,000
USA 420 5.91 214 206 278,640,074 787,119 440
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The Failed State of Biafra
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Decolonization in Sub-Saharan Africa

• YOU TELL ME!
• Create an outline that details the process of
  decolonization in Sub-Saharan Africa pgs.
  794-800 832-834
• When does it happen (general timeline - NOT
  1900-1945)?
• What type/kind of people lead it (not names but
  be specific)?
• Who are at least three of the leaders and what
  countries are they from?
• What is the ANC and what is its role in the
  process?
• Which country is the first to gain its
  independence?
• How is sub-Saharan Africas decolonization
  different from India? How is it similar?
• IF YOU DO NOT FINISH, THIS IS HOMEWORK!!!!