WELCOME TO BIOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION TO THE CELL
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ANIMAL CELL - EUKARYOTIC
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THE CELL

• All living things are made up of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function in living things
• New cells are produced from existing cells

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1. PROKARYOTES

• BACTERIAL CELLS
• SINGLED CELLED
• NO NUCLEUS
• SIMPLER ORGANISMS

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2. EUKARYOTES

• ANIMALS AND PLANTS
• HAS NUCLEUS AND COMPARTMENTALIZED ORGANELLES
• MORE ADVANCED THAN PROKARYOTES

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ORGANELLES

• MEMBRANE BOUND CELL COMPARTMENT
• LITTLE ORGANS
• ORGAN IS TO BODY AS
• ORGANELLE IS TO CELL

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CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)

• SKIN OF THE CELL
• PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
• SEMI-PERMEABLE
• ABLE TO REGULATE
• WHAT GOES IN
• AND OUT OF
• THE CELL

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CELL MEMBRANE
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CYTOPLASM

• GELATINOUS LIQUID SURROUNDING THE ORGANELLES

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CYTOPLASM
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NUCLEUS

• BRAIN OF THE CELL
• HOLDS GENETIC INFORMATION - CHROMATIN

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NUCLEOLUS

• PRODUCES RIBOSOMAL RNA
• LOCATED INSIDE THE NUCLEUS

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NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
CHROMATIN
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RIBOSOMES

• PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• MADE OF RNA AND PROTEINS (NOT MEMBRANE BOUND THUS
  NOT AN ORGANELLE)

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RIBOSOMES
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MITOCHONDRIA

• POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL
• PRODUCES ATP
• PRIMARY ENERGY FOR CELL
• EVOLVED FROM A BACTERIAL CELL
• HAS ITS OWN DNA
• AS LARGE AS A BACTERIA CELL! LARGEST ORGANELLE
  IN ANIMAL CELL.

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MITOCHONDRIA
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TITLE PLANT CELL - EUKARYOTIC
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vesicle
G
Golgi Apparatus
Central
Vacuole
Cytoskeleton
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CELL WALL PLANTS (AND SOME BACTERIA)

• RIGID STRUCTURE SURROUNDING CELL MEMBRANE
• MADE OF CELLULOSE
• PROTECTS MEMBRANE AND ALLOWS PLANTS TO GROW TALL.

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CHLOROPLAST

• FOUND IN PLANTS, SOME BACTERIA AND ALGAE
• PERFORMS PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GIVES GREEN COLOR

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VACUOLES

• THE STOMACH OF THE CELL
• DIGESTION AND STORAGE
• CREATES TURGOR PRESSURE
• PLANTS LARGE
• ANIMAL SMALL

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• EXTENTION OF THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
• SMOOTH ER AND ROUGH ER (HAS RIBOSOMES)
• PROCESSES PROTEINS AND LIPIDS

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ROUGH ER
SMOOTH ER
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GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS

• POST OFFICE OF THE CELL
• PACKAGES CELL MOLECULES FOR TRANSPORT

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GOLGI BODY
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SECRETORY VESICLES
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LYSOSOMES

• DUMP TRUCKS OF THE CELL
• DIGESTS, KILLS AND TRANSPORTS WASTE

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LYSOSOMES
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CENTRIOLES

• SEPARATES CHROMOSOMES DURING CELL DIVISION

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CENTRIOLES
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MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES
CYTOSKELETON

• CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL MOVEMENT

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CYTOSKELETON
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PILI, FLAGELLA, AND CILIA

• STRUCTURES ON THE OUTSIDE
• OCILLATES TO MOVE CELL

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FLAGELLA
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PROKARYOTES

• REMEMBER NO NUCLEUS OR ORGANELLES!
• CELL WALL
• CAPSULE
• CELL MEMBRANE
• NUCLEOID region with genetic material
• RIBOSOMES
• PILI
• FLAGELLA