Cellular Organelles

1
Cellular Organelles

• Eukaryotic cells
• Animal and plant cells

2
The cell

• Most microscopic
• Differ in size and shape
• 3 main parts of the cell
• Plasma membrane
• Cytoplasm
• nucleus

3
Cell membrane

• Phospholipid bilayer
• Regulates materials in and out of the cell
• Contains proteins, carbs
• and cholesterol
• within the
• membrane

4
Nuclear membrane and nuclear pores

• Allow materials in and out of nucleus via the
  nuclear pores (small openings found within the
  membrane)

5
Nucleus

• Surrounded by nuclear envelope
• Contains DNA heredity information

6
Nucleolus

• Site where ribosomes are synthesized
• Found within the nucleus

7
Ribosomes

• Involved in protein synthesis
• No membrane
• Made of proteins and RNA
• Individual or attached to Rough Endoplasmic
  Reticulum

8
DNA

• Genetic material
• Double helix
• Provides instructions for proteins, regulate
  cellular activities, cellular reproduction

9
Cytoplasm

• Cell interior, internal living material
• Consists of organelles and fluid
• space from cell membrane and nucleus

10
cytoskeleton

• Provide support for the cell
• Aids in the movement of organelles
• 2 components
• Microfilaments
• microtubules

11
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Intracellular highway
• Rough
• Covered with ribosomes
• Synthesis of proteins
• Smooth
• No ribosomes
• Synthesis of lipids, breakdown of toxins

12
Vesicle

• Small membrane sac that transports materials in
  cell

13
Golgi Apparatus (bodies)

• Processing, packaging and secretion
• Stack of flattened sacs
• Modifies proteins for export

14
Lysosomes

• Digestive, breaks down old organelles and
  substances
• Secretes enzymes, high pH
• Not in plants

15
Mitochondria

• Powerhouse of cell
• Supplies energy for the cell
• Contains own DNA
• Has a double membrane

16
Cell Wall

• Found only in plant cells
• Give support and protection
• Contains cellulose

17
Chloroplasts

• Light energy is converted to chemical energy (
  photosynthesis)
• Contains green pigment chlorophyll
• Found only in plant cells

18
Central Vacuole

• Large membrane bound space found in plant cell
• Stores water, nutrients and wastes
• When full, plant cells are rigid, making plant
  stand upright
• Animal cells do have small vacuoles

19
Flagella and Cilia

• Cilia
• Short, hairlike
• Numerous
• Locomotion
• Seen in respiratory system
• Flagella
• Long, whiplike
• Less numerous
• Used mostly for locomotion

20
Centrioles

• Aid in cell division of animal cell only
• Composed on microtubules