Cell%20Biology%20and%20Cancer

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Cell Biology and Cancer

• A Look
• at What
• Happens When Normal Cells Get Out of Control.

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What Is Cancer?

• Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal
  cells which can overwhelm the tissue, organ, or
  even the entire system.
• Oncology is the study of Cancer
• Taken from What you Really Need to Know
  about Cancer -1997 Dr. Robert Buckman

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Some Statistics on Cancer

• Cancer is the Second Leading Cause of Death.
• It is Second only to Heart Disease.
• In 2003 the Center for Disease Control (CDC)
  reported that cancer was the number one cause of
  death in the US for people between the ages of
  45-64.

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Cancer in the United States

• 1 out of 3 people will develop a form of cancer
  sometime in their lives.
• 1 out of every 4 diagnosed with cancer will die.
• More than 1,500 people die of cancer every day.

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Cancer in the United States

• In 2006, 2.5 million new cases of cancer were
  diagnosed.
• In 2005, the National Institute of Health (NIH)
  reported that the cost associated with cancer was
  over
• 210 billion.

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Cancer and Women

• Women are more frightened of getting
• cancer versus heart disease even
• though heart disease kills more than
• eight times as many women each year.

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Cancer is Not a Disease . . .

• it is a process that is shared by different
  diseases.
• There are over 200 diseases that make up the
  cancers.
• All cancers share some common features.

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Common Features

• Cancer is what happens when a group
• of cells
• grow disorderly and multiply uncontrollably.
• invade neighboring tissue.
• spread to distant parts of the body.

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Cancer Cells Grow Uncontrollably

• Cells have a mechanism that keep them growing and
  reproducing in a normal and orderly way.
• The Cell Cycle is that Process!

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Normal Cell Growth and Reproduction in an Orderly
way

• The process that controls normal cell division of
  body cells is called Mitosis.
• Meiosis is the process that controls the division
  of gametes

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Cancer Cells Growth Disorderly

• Cancer cells are able to escape the cells
  control mechanisms
• Accelerated growth occurs in a disorderly way
  resulting in a Tumor.

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Cancer Cells Invade Neighboring Tissues

• Cancer Cells
• have the ability to cross normal boundaries and
  invade surrounding tissues.
• can avoid the mechanisms of contact inhibition.

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Cancer Cells Spread to Different Parts of the Body

• Cancer Cells can
• travel to distant areas
• of the body through
• the
• bloodstream
• Lymph vessels

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Summary

• Five Basic Properties of Cancer Cells
• 1. Uncontrollable growth reproduction
• 2. Invasion of surrounding tissue
• 3. ability to travel via the blood stream or
  lymph vessels
• 4. ability to establish secondary tumors
• 5. ability to produce substances that interfere
  with body functions

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There are 5 Major Types of Cancers

• 1. Carcinomas
• The most common form of cancer
• Solid tumors that can affect any part of the body
• Spread via bloodstream lymphatic fluid
• Form in epithelial cells
• skin, mouth, nose, throat, lungs
• Genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts
• Glands breast and thyroid

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Five Types of Cancer . . .

• 2. Leukemias
• Formed in blood and bone marrow
• Not solid tumors
• Abnormal white blood cells that replace healthy
  WBC
• Abnormal cells circulate throughout the
  bloodstream

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Five Types of Cancer . . .

• 3. Myelomas
• Tumors that originate in plasma cells
• Once considered rare, but incidences are
  increasing
• Plasma cells are the antibody-producing WBC that
  are located in the bone marrow

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Five Types of Cancer . . .

• 4. Lymphomas
• Occurs in glands and nodes of the lymphatic
  system.
• Lymph nodes are the bodys filtering system that
  removes toxins and impurities from the blood.

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Lymphomas

• Lymph nodes are found in the
• Neck
• Groin
• Armpits
• Spleen
• Center of chest
• Around the intestines

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Lymphomas

• Solid Tumors
• Usually formed from abnormal WBC
• Most common forms of are
• Hodgkins
• non-Hodgkins

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Five Types of Cancer . . .

• 5. Sarcomas
• Rarest of all cancers
• Most challenging prognosis
• Solid tumors
• Arise from connective tissue, mostly bone

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However Sarcomas can

• arise from muscle tissue and invade tissues such
  as
• Bladder
• Kidneys
• Liver
• Lungs
• spleen

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Carcinogenesis