-From Hunters and Gathers to Civilization -Assignment Summary Paragraph

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-From Hunters and Gathers to Civilization-Assign
ment Summary Paragraph

• Describe what a civilization is.

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AIM How did early humans survive?
DO NOW How do we know people lived thousands of
years ago??
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TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS
ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS
ORIGIN?
AFRICA
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LOUIS MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan
archaeologists who began looking for early human
remains in East Africa. They found many tools,
bones other artifacts.
DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found
Lucy, a part of an early human skeleton in
Ethiopia
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• STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN

1. 90cc (cubic cm) skull size
2. Upright vertebrate
3. Thumb for tool making
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WHAT ARE THESE IMAGES WHAT DO THEY TELL US
ABOUT EARLY HUMANS?
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NOTES
Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) 2 million B.C. -
10,000 B.C.

1. Hunting gathering societies
2. Nomads- people who travel from place to place in
   constant search of food and water
3. People traveled in small groups
4. Simple tools/weapons made of stone, bone wood
5. Use of clothes fire
6. Cave paintings found of animals
7. Animism- religion which involves worshipping
   spirits in nature

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Five Characteristics of River Civilizations
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We begin at about 8,000 BC when village life
began in the New Stone Age. . . Also known as
the Neolithic Revolution. NEW
STONE AGE
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What is the REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY new way of
living

• From

Hunter-Gatherers
to Agriculture
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The invention of Agriculture changed the way
people lived.

• Agriculture (Farming)
• Growth of Cities
• Division of Labor (Specialization)
• Trade
• Writing and Mathematics

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Five Characteristics of Civilazaton
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AIM What advances in government, technology, and
culture did early civilizations make?
DO NOW Write down three words associated with
the word civilized. (5 minutes)
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OUR CIVILIZATION NEW YORK CITY
WHAT FACTORS MAKE US A CIVILIZED AND COMPLEX
SOCIETY?
Write down at least 3 ideas.
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NOTES
WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION???
CIVILIZATION- (1) group of people living and
working together for the purpose of creating an
organized society.
(2) the highest cultural grouping of people
which distinguishes humans from other species
(3) complex systems or network of cities that
emerge from pre-urban culture
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NOTES
EIGHT BASIC FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION

1. Writing Systems

(2) Infrastructure- public works such as bridges,
roads etc.
(3) Government / Laws
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NOTES
(4) Art / Architecture
(5) Social Classes
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NOTES
(6) Organized Religion
(7) Job Specialization
(8) Development of Cities
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Activity Rank the eight characteristics of
civilization in order of what you think is the
most important, and why.
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• HW In one paragraph (5-7 sentences), discuss
  two negative (bad) and two positive (good)
  consequences of civilization building. What
  types of issues do complex societies deal with???

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• Government
• Religion
• System of Writing
• Class Structure
• Division of Labor

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1. Organized Government

• Organize people to grow and distribute food
• Make and enforce laws
• Plan / organize large projects
• Standardize money / collect taxes
• Build an army for protection

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2. Organized Religion

• Theocracy Government by religion Early
  civilizations were ruled by priests
• Set up rituals, symbols and shrines
• Priests were gods or the representatives of gods
• Polytheism Many gods

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3. System of Writing

• A way to keep track of records
• Laws to follow
• Taxes to collect
• What has been stored
• Passes on knowledge to others
• Priests were the ones who wrote

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4. Class Structure

• Ruler Usually a priest
• Priests/Nobles Priests worked with gods
  Nobles were warriors with land
• Merchants People who traded
• Shopkeepers/Artisans Working class with some
  skills
• Laborers/Farmers Workers no skills
• Slaves No freedom lowest class

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5. Division of Labor

• Provides goods and services
• People develop specialized skills
• Encourages trade and new technology
• Encourages a system of social classes

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