7

1

• ?a?a????s? ?p? t? Te???a st?? ?????
• ?????????S S???????S ???, Ph. D
• ??????S 2009

2
?? e??a? t? ??? (Management By Objectives
??????s? µe St?????
Management by Objectives (MBO) ??a p????aµµa t?
?p??? pe???aµß??e? s???e???µ?-???? st?????,
s???????? ???µa, ??a µ?a s???e???µ??a ???sµ???
??????? pe???d?, µe a??d?as? ?? p??? t?? ep?te???
t?? st????.

• S?µa?t??? St???e?a
• S???e???µe??p???s? St????
• S?µµet????? ???? ?p?fas??
• ????a????sµ??? ??????? ?e???d??
• ???d?as? ?p?d?s??

3
?at???sa ?a???es? t?? St????
E X H I B I T 71
4
S??d???ta? t?? ??? ?a? t?? Te??ia Sto???
MBO Te???a T?s?? St???? S???e??.
St???? ?a? ?a? ??s????a St???? ?a? ?a? ???d?as? ?a
? ?a? S?µµet??? ?a? ??? (e?????eta?)
5
G?at? ?p?t???????? ta p?????µµata ???

• ?? ?ea??st???? p??sd???e? ??a ta ap?te??sµata t??
  ???
• ???e??? s?µµet???? ap? ta a??te?a ???µ???a t??
  d?????s??
• ?p?t???a ap?d?s?? a??????? aµ??ß??
• ?s?µf???a p???t?sµ?? ?a? ????t???a?

6
??????µµata ??a?????s?? ?pa??????

• ??p?? ?????aµµ?t??
• ???s?p??? e?at?µ??e?µ??? p??s???
• ??d???s? e?d?af????t??
• ?????s?-?p?d???
• ???a??st?a ??a µ?a ?a?? pe?a??µ??? e??as?a
• ?f??? t?? ?????aµµ?t??
• ??p????s? a?????? t?? ?pa?????? ??a a?a?????s?
• ???a??????? t?? e?d???s? ep???µ?t?? s?µpe??f????
• ???s????? t?? s??e?t???t?ta ?a? t?? pa?a????s?
  t?? ?µ?da?
• ???a????e? t?? p??t?se?? ap? t??? ?pa??????? ??a
  ße?t??s? t?? d?ad??as??? ?a? t?? pe????p? ??st???

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?? e??a? ? S?µµet??? (Involvement) t?? ?pa??????
?????aµµa S?µµet???? ?pa?????? ??a s????????
d?ad??as?a ? ?p??a ???s?µ?p??e? ??e? t??
??a??t?te? t?? ?pa?????? ?a? e??a? s?ed?asµ??? ?a
e??a????e? t?? a???µ??? d?sµe?s? t??? st??
ep?t???a t?? ???a??sµ??.
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?a?ade??µata ?????aµµ?t?? S?µµet???? ?pa??????
S???????? ??es?a ??a s???????? d?ad??as?a ?at?
t?? ?p??a ?? ?f?st?µe??? µ???????ta? ?? ??a
s?µa?t??? ßa?µ? t?? d??aµ? ????? ap?f?se?? µe
t??? p???staµ????? t???.
9
?a?ade??µata ?????aµµ?t?? ???µ???? ?pa??????
S?µµet??? µ?s? ??p??s?p?? ?? e??a??µe???
s?µµet????? se µ?a s???????? ???? ap?fas?? µ?s?
µ?a? µ????? ?µ?da? a?t?p??s?p??.
S?µß????a ???as?a??µ?de? ?p???f??? ? e??e?µ????
?pa?????? ?? ?p???? p??pe? ?a s?µß???e???ta? ?ta?
? d?????s? ?aµß??e? ap?f?se?? p?? ep??e????? t?
p??s?p???.
S?µß????a ??t?p??s?pe?s????a µ??f? s?µµet????
µ?s? a?t?p??s?pe?s?? ?p??????? pa?e???s???ta?
st?? ??????t??? S?µß????? t?? eta??e?a? ?a?
e?p??s?p??? ta s?µf????ta t?? ?pa?????? t??
eta??e?a?.
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?a?ade??µata ?????aµµ?t?? S?µµet???? ?pa??????
?????? ????t?ta? ??a ?µ?da e??as?a? ?pa?????? ??
?p???? s??a?t????ta? s???? ??a ?a s???t?s??? ta
p???t??? t??? p??ß??µata, a?t?e? ??e??a?, ?a
p??te????? ??se?? ?a? ?a a?a??ß??? d?????t???
d??s?.
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?a?ade??µata ?????aµµ?t?? ???µ???? ?pa??????
????es? ?et???? st??? ?pa??????? (ESOPs) ?ta?????
p?????µµata ap?d???? sta ?p??a ?? ?p???????
ap??t??? µet???? ?? µe??d?? ap?d????.
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S??d???ta? ta ??????µµata S?µµet???? t??
?pa?????? µe t?? Te???e? ?a?a????s??
Te???a ??? ?a?a???t???s?te???? ?a?a????s?
(intrinsic motivation)
??????µµata S?µµet???? ?pa??????
Te???a ?S?µµet????? ??es?a
Te???a ERG?????e? ?pa??????
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S?ed?asµ?? ???as?a? ?a? ?????aµµat?sµ??
?e??f??? se d??f??e? T?se?? ???as?a? ? e?
pe??t??p?? apas????s? e??? e??a??µ???? ap? µ?a
e??as?a se µ?a ????.
??e????s? ???as??? ? ??????t?a (st? p???µa t??
eta??e?a?) d?e????s? t?? ??s??.
?µp???t?sµ?? ???as?a? ? ???et? (st? p???µa t??
eta??e?a?) d?e????s? t?? ??s?? e??as?a?.
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?d???e? ??a t?? ?µp???t?sµ? µ?a? ???as?a?
???te???µe??? ???p?? ???s??
???e??? ?????? ???as?a?
??????e? de???t?te?
S??d?asµ?? ???as???
??d?? ???as?a?
??µ??????a f?s???? µ???d?? e??as?a?
S?µa?t???t?ta ???as?a?
?a?????s? s??se?? µe t??? pe??te?-p???te?
??t???µ?a
???et? d?e????s? e??as?a?
???d?as?
?????µa d??d?? a??d?as??
???? J.R. Hackman and J.L. Suttle, eds.,
Improving Life at Work (Glenview, IL Scott
Foresman, 1977), p. 138.
E X H I B I T 74
15
?p?????? ??????µµat?? ???as?a?
??????t? O????? ?? ?p??????? e??????ta? ?at? t??
??e? e??as?a??? a??µ?? ???e ?µ??a a??? ????? t??
p???t??e?a ?a p??sa?µ????? t?? s??????? ?????
e??as?a? t??? µ?s? e??? e?????t?? ??a???? e?t??
t?? a??µ??.
??aµ???as? ???as?a? ? efa?µ??? t?? ?a µ?????eta?
µ?a 40??? eßd?µad?a?a e??as?a µeta?? d?? ?
pe??ss?t???? at?µ??.
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?a??de??µa e??? ??????t?? O?a????
??????te? ??e?
??e? a??µ??
??????te? ??e?
??e? a??µ??
Ge?µa
6 p.µ.
9 p.µ.
6 µ.µ.
3 µ.µ.
1 µ.µ.
12 µes.
?????? ?at? t?? d????e?a t?? ?µ??a?
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?p?????? ???as?a??? ??????µµat??
???e-???as?a (Telecommuting) ?? ?p???????
d?e?pe?a?????? t?? e??as?a t??? ap? t? sp?t? se
??a? ?p?????st? p?? e??a? s??dedeµ???? st? d??t??
t?? ??afe???.

• ?at?????e? Telecommuting
• ??ad??ast???? ?e???sµ?? p????f?????
• ????t?? d?ast????t?te?
• ?pa??e?µat???? ?a? ???e? e??as?e? e?e?d??e?µ????
  ???se??

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Telecommuting

• ??e??e?t?µata
• ?e?a??te??? a???µ?? e??at???? d??aµ????
• ?????te?? pa?a??????t?ta
• ????te?e? ????se?? p??s?p????
• ?e?t??µ??? ?????
• ?e??µ??a ??st? e??as?a??? ?????

• ?e???e?t?µata (????d?t??)
• ????te?? ?µes? ep?ß?e?? ap? a??te????
• ??s????a s??t???sµ?? ?µad???t?ta?
• ??s????a a???????s?? t?? µ?-p?s?t???? ap?d?s??

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?etaß??t? ??????µµata ?????µ??

• ?etaß??t? ??????µµata ?????µ??
• ??a µe??d?? t?? µ?s??? t?? e??a??µ???? ßas??eta?
  se ??p??? a?e???t?t? ?a?/? ???a??t??? µ?t??
  ap?d?s??.
• ?????µ? a?? ??µµ?t?
• ??a??µ? ?e?d??
• S?µµet??? sta ?s?da

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?etaß??t? ??????µµata ?????µ??
?????µ? a?? ??µµ?t? ?? e??a??µe??? p???????ta?
??a sta?e?? p?s? ??a ???e pa?a??µe?? µ???da p??
?????????eta?.
??a??µ? ?e?d?? ??????µµata p?? d?a??µ???
ap???µ??se?? ß?se? e??? ?a??e??µ???? µa??µat????
t?p?? ? ?p???? ??e? s?ed?aste? ???? ap? t??
?e?d?f???a t?? ep??e???s??.
S?µµet??? sta ?s?da ??a p???? pa?a????s?? ?at? t?
?p??? ?? ße?t??se?? st?? pa?a??????t?ta µ?a?
?µ?da? ?a???????? t? s??????? p?s? t?? ???µ?t??
p?? t?? ap?d?deta?.
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?????µ? ß?se? ?e???t?t??
?? ep?ped? t?? µ?s??? ????eta? ap? t? p?se?
de???t?-te? ??e? ? e??a??µe??? ? t? p?se?
d???e??? µp??e? ?a ???e?.

• ??e??e?t?µata ?????µ?? ß?se? de???t?t??
• ?a???e? e?ast???t?ta st?? p??s???? p??s?p????.
• ?d?a???e? ep????????a ?at? µ???? t?? ???a??sµ??.
• ??att??e? t?? s?µpe??f??? t?? a?t? e??a? ? d???
  µ?? pe?????.
• ?????????e? t?? a????e? t?? ?pa?????? ??a p???d?
  (????? p??a????).
• ?d??e? se ße?t??µ??e? ap?d?se??.

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?????µ? ß?se? ?e???t?t??

• ?e???e?t?µata ?????µ?? ß?se? ?e???t?t??
• ???e??? e??a????? µete?pa?de?s?? p?? ?a a???s???
  t? µ?s?? t?? ?pa??????.
• S?????s? p????µ?? t?? ?pa?????? ??a de???t?te?
  p?? de? ???s?µ?p?????ta? p????.
• ?????µ?? ??a de???t?te? ?? ?p??e? de?
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ?µesa µ?sa st?? ep??e???s?.
• ??????eta? ? de???t?ta, ??? ? ap?d?s? t??
  ?pa?????? µe ???s? a?t?? t?? de???t?ta?.

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??µa???µe?e? ?µ??ß??
????a ?????a?-S????a? p????a? t?? ?eµe???d??
aµ??ß?? ?a? µ?a sa?-ap?-µe??? ep????? t?? ?????
aµ??ß??.
?? e??a??µe??? ??ß??? t? p????aµµa t?? aµ??ß??
t??? d?a?????ta? ??p??e? ep?????? ap? ??a µe???
aµ??ß?? ?ste ?a ??a??p??e? t?? p??s?p???? t???
a????e?.
Flexible Spending Plans ep?t?epeta? st???
e??a??µe???? ?a ???s?µ?p????? ta af???????ta
???µata t?? aµ??ß?? t??? ??a ?a a???a???? pa?eta
ap?d???? ?a? ?p??es???.
p??s?ed?asµ??a pa??ta aµ??ß?? ??a s???e???µ??e?
?µ?de? ?p???????.
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?p?pt?se?? st??? ???at?e?

• ?a?a????s? ?p??????? st??? ???a??sµ???
• ??a?????s? d?af???? se ???e ?t?µ?.
• ???s? st???? ?a? a??d?as?.
• ?p?t??peta? st??? ?p???????? ?a s?µµet????? st??
  ???? ap?f?se?? p?? ?a t??? ep??e??e?.
• S??des? aµ??ß?? µe t?? ap?d?s?.
• ??e???? s?st?µat?? ?? p??? t?? d??a??s??? µ?sa
  st?? ???a??sµ?.