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Fundamentals of Genetics

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Fundamentals of Genetics Gregor Mendel s Legacy Gregor Mendel Born: ... P1 generation: Parent generation. F1 generation: The first generation. F2 generation: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Fundamentals of Genetics


1
Fundamentals of Genetics
  • Gregor Mendels Legacy

2
Gregor Mendel
  • Born 1821
  • Entered a monastery in Austria at age of 21.
  • Tended to a garden during his stay.
  • Later attended University of Vienna in math and
    science.
  • Returned to monastery as teacher.
  • Experimented with pea plants.

3
Genetics
  • The field of biology devoted to understanding
    how characteristics are transmitted from parents
    to offspring Heredity.

4
Genetic Terms
  • Trait A category within which alternate
    characteristics, such as height and eye color,
    can be observed.
  • P1 generation Parent generation.
  • F1 generation The first generation.
  • F2 generation The second generation.
  • Allele An alternative form of a gene.
  • Gene Segment of DNA on a chromosome that
    controls a particular hereditary trait.
  • Dominant When one allele masks another allele
    for the same characteristic, denoted by a capital
    letter. Ex. Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue
    eyes (b).
  • Recessive When one allele is masked by another
    allele for the same characteristic, denoted by a
    lower case letter. Ex. Blue eyes (b) are
    recessive over brown eyes (B).

5
Chromosome, DNA, Gene
6
Genetic Laws
  • Law of segregation A pair of factors is
    segregated, or separated, during the formation of
    gametes.
  • i.e. Each reproductive cell, sperm or egg,
    receives only 1 factor of each pair.
  • Law of independent assortment Factors for
    different characteristics are distributed to
    gametes individually.
  • i.e. Each reproductive cell receives the factors
    randomly.
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