All class material either is or

1
NEW SENIOR UNIVERSITY WEBSITE

• All class material either is or
• will be on
• the Universitys website at
• www.senioruniv.org
• and on
• 2) Our website at
• www.vagabondgeology.com

2
NEW SENIOR UNIVERSITY WEBSITE
Any questions or problems accessing Senior
University files should be directed to Kendra
at 512-819-7680
3
website www.VagabondGeology.com
Ancient Pathways Ancient Peoples
Week 1 beginning in East Africa
4
website www.VagabondGeology.com
SESSION 4
Week 6 into Americas
Week 5 across Beringia
Week 4 into Asia
Week 3 into Europe
Week 2 into Africa
Into Asia
Week 1 beginning in East Africa
5
Quick Review
6
SESSION 4 INTO ASIA
TODAYS TOPICS
Quick Review
Banpo Village, Xian, China
DNA Migration Testing
7
PREHISTORIC PERIODS OF HUMAN HISTORY
YOUNGER

• Neolithic
• (New Stone Age)
• 4k to 10k yrs
• pottery
• farming
• livestock

• Upper Paleolithic
• (Late Stone Age)
• 10k to 50k yrs
• symbolic thought
• Language
• domesticated dogs

OLDER

• Middle Paleolithic
• (Middle Stone Age)
• 50k to 300k yrs
• first art
• early symbolism

• Lower
• Paleolithic
• (Early Stone Age)
• 2.5million to 300k
• stone tools
• fire

8
The Stone Age 2.5 million to 4000 YBP (years
before present)
2.5 MILLION
Week 1 (Tanzania) - Laetoli - Oldupai Gorge

• Week 2
• (South Africa)
• Cradle of Civiln

Week 3
9
The Stone Age 2.5 million to 4000 YBP (years
before present)
this week (China) - Banpo People
Week 3
(France) - Lascaux
Now, our family tree . . . .
10
6,700 Banpo
17,300 cave paintings
Now, our family tree . . . .
11
Homo sapiens
The Stone Age 2.5 million to 4000 YBP (years
before present)
Homo
Homo sapiens
Paranthropus
How has DNA testing Impacted Anthropology!
Australopithecus
Week 1 (Tanzania) - Laetoli - Oldupai Gorge

• Week 2
• (South Africa)
• Cradle of Civiln

Week 3 (France) - Lascaux
this week (China) - Banpo People
12
INTRODUCING DNA MIGRATION TESTING
13
SESSION 4 INTO ASIA
TODAYS TOPICS
Quick Review
Banpo Village, Xian, China
DNA Migration Testing
14
DNA TESTING
What is DNA

• Is a molecule, one called
• Life's Instruction Manual
• This molecule is in every cell of your body
• It contains all the coded information needed to
  construct and operate a human body

• The codes are determined by different
  chemicalsthere are only 4 chemicals involved

15
DNA TESTING
What is DNA
SEQUENCING

• These chemicals are called
• A, T, G, C
• and are glued in-between two sides like rungs
  of a ladder
• The order that the chemicals are arranged in the
  DNA determines

• how tall you are,
• your skin color,
• how long your fingers are,
• the color of your eye,
• Your susceptibility to disease, etc.

16
DNA TESTING
What is DNA

• The codes are billions of characters long and
  sometimes an inadvertent change of characters
  happensa MUTATION
• Sometimes these mutations dont really make any
  difference
• Sometimes it makes a BIG difference
• Monkeys change to Apes
• Apes change to Humans
• Humans change to ???

17
EVOLUTIONARY TREE OF LIFE

• Each Genus and each Species within a Genus is a
  result of a MUTATION that made it to the top
• This is the theory of NATURAL SELECTION
  proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859 and is still
  the best theory to date explaining our evolution

18
DNA TESTING
What is DNA

• We have a complete record of our genetic
  mutations over history in our DNA (Note that
  Genetic Code is 99.9 the same between any two
  people on earth)
• People/cultures with different mutations have
  migrated and lived at different places on earth
• As a result of tracking these cultures/
  mutations, you can now determine the origins of
  YOUR DNA

19
DNA TESTING
Tracking Origins of YOUR DNA

• Several companies do DNA sequencing for a price
• Order a kit, use tooth-type brush rub on inside
  of mouth, put in a test tube and send back
• Few weeks later, you get your own DNA analysis
• The analysis shows the likely past migration of
  your DNA around the world based on its mutations

20
DNA TESTING
Tracking Mutations Globally
Z
N9, Y
N1a, Nb, W, X
I
Z
CZ
HV
H
G
Plus many others
M
H
B
R
M
A
B
D
C
N
L3
L
L2
B, F
C
B
L1
A
M
D
21
DNA TESTING
Introducing Mr. Bill Freitag
H
HV
H
R
N
L3

• L1-6, L2-6, L2,3,4,6 etc were meanderings within
  Africa
• All non-African DNA originated from L3

L
22
DNA TESTING
One of the mutations lead us to Xian
Banpo People of China
M
23
BANPO LOCATION
24
SESSION 4 INTO ASIA
TODAYS TOPICS
Quick Review
Banpo Village, Xian, China
DNA Migration Testing
25
CHINA - Shaanxi Province
26
CHINA SHAANXI PROVINCE
Lets look at the topography . . .
27
CHINA SHAANXI PROVINCE
Yellow River on eastern border - rich river
deposits
level, low elevations - agricultural potential
mountains to west protection minerals
28
CHINA SHAANXI PROVINCE
29
CHINA SHAANXI PROVINCE
6700-5600 YBP Banpo stone age culture
30
BANPO PEOPLE
31
CHINA SHAANXI PROVINCE
Neolithic village cemetery 6700-5600 YBP
32
BANPO VILLAGE

• Located in the east of Xi'an and excavated in
  1953
• Xi'an Banpo Museum was built on the site in 1958
  was China's first museum erected on an
  archeological site
• Banpo was believed to be a matriarchal clan
  society
• Type-site associated with Yangshao Culture of the
  Neolithic Age

33
BANPO VILLAGE
Banpo site was nestled up against the nearby
mountains providing protection, fresh water,
sedimentary soils for their crops
Total area of about 12 acres excavated area
covers about 2.5 acres
34
BANPO VILLAGE
Site is composed of three areas dwelling area,
pottery making area and burial area
35
BANPO VILLAGE
One of the few Neolithic sites to have a MOAT
built around the site probably to keep animals
out!
36
BANPO VILLAGE

• 174 adult tombs
• 73 burial jar coffins for children
• 6 pottery making kilns

• Escavated to date
• 46 house ruins
• 2 stock pens

37
BANPO POTTERY

• By far the most important items found at the site
  are its POTTERY

• Banpo is a reference-location for Yangshao
  Painted Pottery

38
BANPO POTTERY

• Using primitive kilns and techniques, the Banpo
  People were able to produce remarkable pottery
  WITHOUT a potters wheel!

39
BANPO POTTERY
40
BANPO POTTERY
41
BANPO PEOPLE

• Ground stone tools were commonly used by the
  primitive residents of Banpo
• They had domesticated chickens, ducks, pigs, etc.
• However, their staple food was millet and meats
  were primarily from hunting and fishing
• Because it was matriarchal, there were no
  permanent couples

ON THAT NOTE, WE SAY GOODBYE TO BANPO VILLAGE,
XIAN, CHINA
42
ENDING
43
A FINAL THOUGHT

• No matter how the calculation is done, the big
  points still holds
• Humans and chimpanzees are more closely related
  to one another than either is to gorillas or any
  other primate
• humans are not only related to the great apes
  we are one

Chimps and Humans split about 7 million years ago
Monkeys and Apes split about 25 million years ago
Smithsonian Institute
44
NEXT WEEK . . .
Visit On-Your-Knees Cave
Week 5 across Beringia
Week 4 into Asia
Week 3 into Europe
Week 2 across Africa
Week 1 beginning in East Africa
45
Ancient Pathways, Ancient People - Into Asia-
REMEMBER GEOLOGY ROCKS
THANK YOU!
46
Ancient Pathways, Ancient People - Into Asia-

• All class material either is or
• will be on
• the Universitys website
• www.senioruniv.org
• and on
• 2) Our website at
• www.vagabondgeology.com

ANY QUESTIONS??
47
ANCIENT PATHWAYS, ANCIENT PEOPLES - References-

http//humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-family-tree http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_China http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileChina-Historic_macro_areas.svg https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html http//ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/riversofworld.html http//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china rel01.pdf http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_22_164/ai_111503539/ BBC Knowledge magazine December 2009 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banpo http//i632.photobucket.com/albums/uu45/Yungsiyebu/banpo_yangshaoculture.jpg http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banpo http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileBanpoSkull.jpg http//bpmuseum.com/Channel.aspx?ChId4 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banpo http//www.chinatouristmaps.com/travel/shaanxi.html http//www.chinatouronline.com/china-travel/xian/xian-attractions/banpo-neolithic-village(banpo-bowuguan)_4.html http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China/71612/Early-humans http//hua.umf.maine.edu/China/Xian/pages/085_Xian_Banpo_Neolithic.html http//archaeology.about.com/od/bterms/g/banpo.htm http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangshao_culture http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River_Valley http//humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics http//education.technyou.edu.au/view/91/155/what-does-dna-look http//humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/one-species-living-worldwide http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_G-M201_(Y-DNA) http//www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-11/30/dna-double-helix-first-direct-image http//www.thetech.org/exhibits/online/genome/overview.html http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/gencode.htmlc1 http//hhtesting.tripod.com/topography.jpg http//www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/ http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangshao_culture http//history.cultural-china.com/en/51H617H3088.html http//media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/daodao/photo-s/02/91/34/f9/c-fakepath-051920121329.jpg
48
TRAVEL INFORMATION
OUR TRAVEL WEBSITES
WORLDWIDE HOUSING www.VRBO.com (individual
owners within site) www.homeaway.com (individual
owners within site) AFRICA
Housing www.villa-st-leon.co.za/ (private home
- owner Babel Schumacher) www.christinesbeachcot
tage.com (private home - owner Dan Christine
Carter) http//www.sa-venues.com (individual
owners within site) Safari
Travel www.Africa-Adventure.com (US based
safari company excellent small group
tours) http//www.classicafricansafaris.com/
(Kenya Hamish Grant -private safari guide)
http//www.arptravelgroup.com/arp/(Tanzania
Ranger Ltd- private and group safaris)
www.CCAfrica.com (up-scale safaris
w/conservation focus) www.sanparks.org (direct
booking for South Africa National Parks)
CHINA www.cits.net (China International Travel
Service) Guilin http//en.guilincits.com
(agents Christine, Shelley)
FRANCE Housing http//www.rentapart.com
(agent Annebelle) http//www.parisattitude.co
m (agent Sylvain Guilemin)
Houseboat rental http//alpha-croisiere.com
Language Classes OISE Paris website
www.paris.oise.com , phone [phone]
SPAIN Spanish Paradors (hotels)
websites www.parador.es, http//www.paradores-sp
ain.com central reservations 34 91-516
6666, PORTUGAL parryoun_at_pomarv.jazznet.pt
Portugal private house rental Carole Kenneth
Parr http//www.pousadas.pt Portuguese
Posadas (hotels) phone [phone]
http//www.pousadasofportugal.com/
phone[phone] Language Classes
Cambridge School website www.cambridge.pt,
phone [phone]
49
Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and
narrow-mindedness  Broad, wholesome, charitable
views of men and things cannot be acquired by
vegetating in one little corner of the earth all
one's lifetime.  Mark Twain
50
Twenty years from now you will be more
disappointed by the things you didnt do than by
the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines,
sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade
winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.
Mark Twain