IInequalities, development and undevelopment

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IInequalities, development and undevelopment

• Introduction/ definition
• I- A wide range of poverty to wealth
• II- The criteria for measuring these inequalities
  III- Symptoms of poverty
• IV- The causes of the wealth gap
• V- Diversity within the South and the North
• Conclusion
• Help

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• introduction
•  Today, in the world, great wealth disparities
  are existing between countries and individuals.
  These gaps have widened in the twentieth century.
  We are talking about multi-track world to
  characterize this diversity. Definitions 
• HDI Acronym for the UN, pointing to the Human
  Development Index. The HDI measures the living
  conditions of inhabitants of a country. It takes
  into account life expectancy , literacy and
  schooling rates and incomes (GDP) of a
  population. It is measured from 0 to 1, the
  greater the higher the population status is
  satisfied (France 0.946).
• LDCs Less Developed Countries. GNP per
  inhabitants. Gross National Product per
  inhabitants is the total production of a country
  in one year, divided by the number of
  inhabitants.

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I- A wide range of poverty to wealth

• Across the world there is an opposition
  between the developed countries, called North
  (they are mostly in the northern hemisphere,
  apart from Australia and New Zealand), and those
  of the Third World or South. Developed countries
  are rich countries, which enjoy a high level of
  development. Instead, the South facing many
  problems and the majority of their populations
  are very poor.

• the limit North/South

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• ?Across continents, there are also wide gaps in
  wealth. So North America is very rich, while
  Latin America is essentially composed of poor
  countries. Similarly, within each continent,
  major differences are emerging for example, in
  Europe, Romania is much poorer than Switzerland.
  ?At country level, it is often rich regions and
  poor regions coexist. This is the case in Italy
  the North, which constitutes the heart of
  economic and industrial countries, is very rich
  on the contrary, those in the South, more rural,
  are significantly more disadvantaged (high
  unemployment). ?In large cities there are rich
  neighborhoods and poor areas, sometimes very
  close. Thus, in Mexico City slums are adjacent to
  modern buildings. In New York, the business
  center, Manhattan, is close to the poor black
  neighborhood, Harlem.

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II- The criteria for measuring these inequalities

• - The wealth gaps between countries are measured
  using the GNP by inhabitants. This indicator of
  international comparison, but it is a measure of
  the wealth of the people only in terms of total
  national wealth, it gives no indication on the
  living conditions of inhabitants.

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• - To evaluate the living conditions of
  populations, using the HDI. Again, the
  differences are very strong among developed
  countries like Canada (highest HDI in the world)
  and the third world like India (where the HDI is
  lower).

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• III- Symptoms of poverty
• - The countries of the South are experiencing
  significant social and economic problems linked
  to weak state revenues and citizens. The Third
  World populations have a lot of problems ?
  famine, malnutrition (poor nutrition) frequent
  ?Health high infant mortality, low life
  expectancy ?Education literacy rates are often
  low because the state lacks the means to educate
  the large number of children and parents can not
  send them to school ?Employment Unemployment
  is very important, especially as the proportion
  of young adults (seeking work) is higher in the
  population. Many are forced to work illegally or
  engage in odd jobs ?Housing The living
  conditions are very difficult, families are
  forced to live in shantytowns, many without
  access to clean water or electricity. ?Companies
  in developing countries are very unequal a small
  rich minority and a large poor majority, who live
  in very precarious conditions, coexist. These
  gross inequalities occur particularly in large
  cities.

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IV- The causes of the wealth gap

•   - The differences between countries (or
  regions) rich and poor can be explained by
• ? The geographical causes climate , the terrain
  (desert, mountains),Natural disasters, The
  unequal distribution of natural resources (such
  as water, oil) ? The historical causes,
  economic and political industrial revolution,
  which took place in Europe and the United States
  in the nineteenth century. Instead, Third World
  countries have not experienced this phase-. the
  backwardness of some of these countries is
  because of the colonization by European
  countries. - Some impoverished countries are
  because of the war wich causes economic problems
  (Afghanistan , Irak )  ? The demographic
  causes   - High population growth can also be
  a factor that aggravates the economic problems.
  Indeed, it is difficult for a poor state to
  support a large population (education, health
  ...). - However, a large population can also be
  useful to the economy as the United States
  because it is a large consumer market and it
  creates lot of workers.

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• V- Diversity within the South and the North
• ? The third world is becoming more diverse  
•  The LDCs are the poorest countries in the world.
  Their population is facing many problems and is
  experiencing very precarious living conditions.
  - Other countries, like China, are try to grope
  their way out of poverty. The standard of living
  of the population rises and improved conditions
  of life (literacy, increased life expectancy,
  improved calorie intake ...). - Countries with
  substantial resources of oil, like Saudi Arabia,
  have experienced a rapid and dramatic enrichment.
  Most of their inhabitants live in very good
  condition. - Some countries, known as NPI (or
  emerging), are experiencing rapid growth based on
  industry, with a low cost of labor. The standard
  of living is similar to that of the least
  developed countries in Europe. However, this
  success is fragile. 
• ? The North is less diverse   - Major
  economic powers that make up the Triad are rich
  countries. Their population has a high standard
  of living, which gives them access to consumption
  and live comfortably. But these countries also
  face problems such as unemployment or exclusion.
  A portion of the population is poor (13 poor in
  the U.S.). - Some countries, largely
  agricultural economy, are somewhat less affluent,
  such as Greece. The conditions of living are
  still satisfactory. -Northern countries
  represent 2O of the population and consume 80
  of the wealth.

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• conclusion Today's world has a very wide range
  from poverty to wealth. These disparities tend to
  increase. These economic and social inequalities
  are growing.

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Help )

• Gaps écarts
• Multi-track différents rythmes
• HDI IDH, indice de développement humain
• Life expectancy espérance de vie
• Literacy rate taux dalphabétisation
• Incomes revenus
• LDCs PMA, pays les moins avancés
• GNP PNB, produit national brut
• Wealth richesse
• Unemployement chômage
• Backwardness retard
• try to grope their way out of poverty essayer
  de sortir de la pauvreté
• Labor main doeuvre